Food and Diet Chapter 13.1 Nutrients and Diet

13.1 Objectives Identify foods high in Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins Identify foods high in Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins Describe the properties and roles of different nutrients in the body Describe the properties and roles of different nutrients in the body Use the USDA Food Guide Pyramid too select a balanced diet Use the USDA Food Guide Pyramid too select a balanced diet

Key Terms Nutrient Nutrient Nutrient Carbohydrate Carbohydrate Carbohydrate Fats Fats Fats Protein Protein Protein Vitamin Vitamin Vitamin Mineral Mineral Mineral Balanced diet Balanced diet Balanced diet Balanced diet

What nutrients are in your food? Carbohydrates, such as sugar provide quick energy Carbohydrates, such as sugar provide quick energy Fats store energy Fats store energy Proteins form the main structures of the body Proteins form the main structures of the body Water is essential for life Water is essential for life Vitamins help promote chemical reactions in the body Vitamins help promote chemical reactions in the body Vitamins are fat or water soluble Vitamins are fat or water soluble Minerals are inorganic nutrients Minerals are inorganic nutrients

Carbohydrates, in detail Sugars Sugars Simple: supply your body with immediate energy, (glucose) Simple: supply your body with immediate energy, (glucose) Fructose: fruit sugar Fructose: fruit sugar Sucrose: table sugar Sucrose: table sugar Lactose: milk sugar Lactose: milk sugar Complex: many simple sugars linked together Complex: many simple sugars linked together Starch: grains, potatoes, pasta, etc. Starch: grains, potatoes, pasta, etc. Starch does not taste sweet like simple sugars Starch does not taste sweet like simple sugars

Fats, in detail Fats are essential parts of cells and tissues in the body Fats are essential parts of cells and tissues in the body Saturated fats are from animals, they are solid at room temperature, and may contribute to heart or other organ diseases Saturated fats are from animals, they are solid at room temperature, and may contribute to heart or other organ diseases Unsaturated fats are processed from plant sources and are thought to be healthier Unsaturated fats are processed from plant sources and are thought to be healthier Between meals stored fat is broken down to provide energy for your body Between meals stored fat is broken down to provide energy for your body

Proteins, in detail Primary sources are meats, cheeses, and eggs, (these contain the 8 essential amino acids) Primary sources are meats, cheeses, and eggs, (these contain the 8 essential amino acids) Vegetarian sources are grains, beans, and nuts, (these lack some of the 8 essential) Vegetarian sources are grains, beans, and nuts, (these lack some of the 8 essential) Protein is used to rebuild structures that wear out, or to build new structures. Protein is used to rebuild structures that wear out, or to build new structures. Amino acids make up proteins Amino acids make up proteins Muscles, skin, and blood contain protein Muscles, skin, and blood contain protein

Water as a nutrient Every cell of your body contains water Every cell of your body contains water Water is obtained from your foods, (like watermelon) Water is obtained from your foods, (like watermelon) Water is obtained by your drinking, (like milk, juice, etc.) Water is obtained by your drinking, (like milk, juice, etc.) Water, drink 2.5 liters a day, (5 water bottles) Water, drink 2.5 liters a day, (5 water bottles) Makes your blood fluid Makes your blood fluid Cools you when you sweat, (loss) Cools you when you sweat, (loss) Helps carry out waste in your urine, (loss) Helps carry out waste in your urine, (loss)

Vitamins, in detail Most are easily found in a balanced diet Most are easily found in a balanced diet Page 436 of the book shows the food source and role Page 436 of the book shows the food source and role Help the enzymes in your body work well Help the enzymes in your body work well They are recycled in your body They are recycled in your body Fat and water soluble vitamins are used many times and then pass out of the body in urine Fat and water soluble vitamins are used many times and then pass out of the body in urine Vitamin D can be made by the body, (the skin can make it when exposed to sunlight) Vitamin D can be made by the body, (the skin can make it when exposed to sunlight)

Minerals, in detail Work in a similar manner to Vitamins Work in a similar manner to Vitamins Useful in blood clotting, nerve function, and the formation of bones and teeth Useful in blood clotting, nerve function, and the formation of bones and teeth Only small amounts are needed Only small amounts are needed Page 438 of the book shows the food source and role of minerals Page 438 of the book shows the food source and role of minerals

A Balanced Diet The Link page The Link page The Link The Link Grains, Vegetables, Fruits, Milk, Meats, Oils Grains, Vegetables, Fruits, Milk, Meats, Oils Servings may be found on the link page Servings may be found on the link page A balance of foods over a weekly, (not daily), time is best A balance of foods over a weekly, (not daily), time is best

Definitions Nutrient: a chemical substance required for the life and growth of an organism, (different organisms MAY require different nutrients, a tree versus a bird) Nutrient: a chemical substance required for the life and growth of an organism, (different organisms MAY require different nutrients, a tree versus a bird) Carbohydrate: a nutrient containing some carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that can be used as energy Carbohydrate: a nutrient containing some carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that can be used as energy

Definitions Fats: substances containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen bonded to glycerin Fats: substances containing long chains of carbon and hydrogen bonded to glycerin Saturated: solid at room temperature, (butter or lard) Saturated: solid at room temperature, (butter or lard) Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature, (olive oil) Unsaturated: liquid at room temperature, (olive oil) Protein: a nutrient that is made up of long chains of amino acids, (there are twenty) Protein: a nutrient that is made up of long chains of amino acids, (there are twenty) Amino acids, (page 435 of your book) Amino acids, (page 435 of your book) Essential: 8 that YOUR body is unable to make Essential: 8 that YOUR body is unable to make Examples: Lysine, Valine, Tryptophan, Leucine Examples: Lysine, Valine, Tryptophan, Leucine Useful: 12 that CAN be made by your body Useful: 12 that CAN be made by your body Examples: Alanine, Proline, Serine, Glycine Examples: Alanine, Proline, Serine, Glycine

Definitions Vitamin: an organic compound needed in small amounts by the body Vitamin: an organic compound needed in small amounts by the body Fat soluble, (A, D, E, K), stay in the body longer than water soluble vitamins Fat soluble, (A, D, E, K), stay in the body longer than water soluble vitamins Water soluble, (B 1,2,3,&12 & C), are released in the urine daily Water soluble, (B 1,2,3,&12 & C), are released in the urine daily Mineral: small amounts of salts and metals needed for health, (iron, sodium, pg. 438) Mineral: small amounts of salts and metals needed for health, (iron, sodium, pg. 438)

Definitions Balanced Diet: contains all the nutrients needed for healthy living Balanced Diet: contains all the nutrients needed for healthy living Vegetarian or Vegan Diets: foods from animal sources are greatly reduced or eliminated Vegetarian or Vegan Diets: foods from animal sources are greatly reduced or eliminated Concern 1: lack of essential amino acids Concern 1: lack of essential amino acids Concern 2: lack of Vitamins D & B-12 Concern 2: lack of Vitamins D & B-12 Once vegetarian diets have been balanced to contain all nutrient, they are fine Once vegetarian diets have been balanced to contain all nutrient, they are fine