1. Nutrition: Health 9

2. Definitions Nutrition- The science or study of food and the way in which the body uses it. Nutrient- Substance if food that provides the body with energy or helps form body tissue that is necessary for life and growth. Carbohydrate- Energy-giving nutrient that includes sugars, starches, and fibers. Fat- Energy-giving nutrient; also the main form of energy storage in the body. Caloric Deficeit- Burning more calories than you take in.

3. Definitions Protein- Energy-giving nutrient; needed to build and repair structures in the body. Vitamin- A class of nutrients that contain carbon and are needed in small amounts to maintain health and allow growth Mineral- Chemical elements that are needed for certain body processes, such as enzyme activity and bone formation. Nutrient Deficiency- Not having enough of a nutrient to maintain proper health. Caloric Surplus- Taking in more calories than your body burns in a day.

4. Classes of Nutrients Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Energy-giving Nutrients Vitamins Minerals Water

5. Carbohydrates Simple Carbohydrates Sugars are the simplest forms of carbohydrates Single sugars are glucose (blood sugar) & fructose (fruit sugar) Double sugars are Lactose (milk sugar) & Sucrose (table sugar) Refined sugars found in candy/soda provide quick energy but little nutrient. Complex Carbohydrates Starches- broken down by the body into sugars that the body can use. (Potatoes, Beans, & Grains) Glycogen- Made by the body; stored in muscle and liver. Quick energy. Fiber- Found in fruits and vegetables. Can’t be broken down. Important for digestion.

6. Fats Fats belong to a chemical compound called lipids which are fat or oily substances that don’t break down in water. Saturated Fats- Carbon chains with single bonds (max); = saturation. Unhealthy & they come from meats and milk. Unsaturated Fats- Carbon chains with 1 or more bonds so they can have more. Healthy because they can bond with other fats to remove them from the body; come mostly from oils(monounsaturated fats)

7. Cholesterol Another type of lipid that is found in all human and animal tissue. Needed to make vitamin D, hormones, & bile. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) leads to plaque build up in the arteries. Bad cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) carries cholesterol back to the liver so it can be removed from the body. Good cholesterol.

8. Proteins Muscle, skin, hair, and nails are made up mostly of protein. Protein is the foundation for making and repair body tissues. Protein makes up chains of amino acids. Amino acids link up like a chain to form 20 different types of proteins. Essential amino acids are not made in the body. These are called essential amino acids and we get them from sources like meats, vegetables, or dietary supplements.

9. Vitamins Vitamins contain carbon and are vital for us to grow. Fruits & veggies are good sources of vitamins Fat soluble vitamins provide us with vitamins A, D, E, & K. These vitamins can be stored in our fat supply and stay in our systems for a long time. Water soluble vitamins contain vitamins B & C. Antioxidants are substance that help protect our cells from free radicals.

10. Minerals Chemicals that aid in enzyme activity as well as bone formation. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, & calcium act as electrolytes to aid in signals reaching their destinations. Calcium also aids in bone growth. Milk, green leafy veggies, and calcium fortified breads are good sources of this. Iron is essential to making hemoglobin; the molecule that carries oxygen. A lack of iron can lead to a condition called anemia. Red meats & green veggies are the best source of iron.

11. Water Water is essential for survival. Most people will die within days without water. Your body is made up of about 60% water and virtually every body system needs water to function properly. On average you need about eight glasses of water a day. Three things water does for you; transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body, provides proper environment for chemical reactions to occur, & it helps regulate body temperature.