Urbanization and Industrialization

Objectives 7.01- Assess the degree to which discoveries, innovations, and technologies, have accelerated, change. 7.03- Examine the causes and effects of industrialization and cite its major costs and benefits.

What is Urbanization? Urbanization City building and the movement of people to the cities

Urbanization increased dramatically: What was forcing families/people to the cities? –Poor families lived in apartments called tenements –Lacked running water or sanitation –Hard factory jobs and disease led to short life expectancies for urban workers –The increase in population and enclosure of farms forced people to move to cities

Why are people moving to the cities? People can make more money in factories Causes more people to live in cities than in the country Growth of factory system

Living conditions What problems could arise when cities grow at a rapid rate? No planning Sanitation Building codes Inadequate housing Lack of education

Living conditions Tenement housing

Living conditions No Sanitation

No Environmental Regulation

SweatShops

Working Conditions Work week Factories Workers 14 hour days 6 days a week Factories Not well lit Dangerous Workers Often injured No workers comp

Working Conditions Upton Sinclair, “The Jungle” Book about the meat packing industry in America

Upstairs and Downstairs Life

Changing Class Structure ■Social class system changed as ownership of land stopped being the most important factor: –Industrial capitalists who owned factories –The middle class grew because of growth of engineers, managers, shopkeepers –The bottom class urban poor At the top were the industrial capitalists who gained wealth by owning factories –The middle class grew because of growth of engineers, managers, shopkeepers –The bottom class grew because of the size of the urban poor who worked for low wages in factories

Class Tensions Grow Growing gaps between wealthy and poor Middle class develops Skilled workers, business men, factory owners The working class See no improvement to their standards of living Some tried to destroy the machines

Case Study: The Mills of Manchester “From this filthy sewer pure gold flows” Perfect example of the IR The first Factory Act passed in 1819 Restricted working age and hours

The Day of a Child Laborer Describe what you do step by step in a typical day.

The Day of a Child Laborer William Cooper starting working in a textile mill at ten. Cooper was called to testify about the conditions among children in the textile industry.

The Day of a Child Laborer ■The Industrial Revolution changed the lives of many children: –Rather than working for their parents on family farms, many children in the cities worked in factories, brickyards, or mines –Living in cities was expensive so poor families needed their kids to work –Child workers earned 10% of an adult wage, worked long hours in dangerous conditions, were often beaten

Review Q’s Which is not a reason people flocked to the cities during the IR? A. People wanted to be closer to their families B. There were more job opportunities in the cities C. Jobs in the cities paid more money D. Wealthy individuals were buying up small farms

Review Q’s What social class expanded as a result of industrialization? Upper Class Middle Class Lower Class All classes experienced growth during the Industrial Revolution

Review Q’s What were some negative effects the rapid growth of cities caused in people’s lives? Housing was up kept to support the growing population New sewers were installed Disease was spread rapidly with people living in close quarters Children had plenty of time to attend school

Review Q’s Which was not a result of class tensions during the industrial revolution? A. The working class did not see improvements to their lives B. The middle class grew the most during the Industrial Revolution C. Some of the working class rebelled and destroyed machinery in the factories D. All of the above occured

Review Q’s The industrial revolution has been described as a mixed blessing, write a statement that explains this idea?