1. Bellringer
Why is James Watt famous? a)invented the seed drill b)invented the spinning frame c)his innovations made the steam engine useful d)brought the designs for the spinning frame to America

2. Bellringer
Why is James Watt famous? a)invented the seed drill b)invented the spinning frame c)his innovations made the steam engine useful d)brought the designs for the spinning frame to America

3. Industrialization Changes Life
Factory Work
Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more expensive goods
Industrial Cities Rise
Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities
Growing population provides work force and a market for factory goods
British industrial cities: London, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool

4. Factories and Factory Towns
Where employees worked
Major change from cottage industry
Had to leave home to work
Hardships for some workers
Working in a factory
Dangerous work for all
Long workdays
Poor factory conditions common
Life in factory towns
Towns grew up around factories
Towns, factories rose near coal mines
Sanitation poor in many factory towns

5. Factories not only changed the lives of their workers but also the towns where they were located
Iron smelting factories grew near coal mines

6. Manchester in north England was a textile city
Manchester in north England was a textile city. There were only 2 toilets per 250 residents. Disease spread easily

7. Northwestern England had so much pollution it was called the black country

8. The Factory System and Workers
Workers in a New Economy
Wealthy to invest in, own factories
Mid-level to run factories
Low-level to run machines
Cottage Workers’ Unrest
Handmade goods more expensive than factory made
Luddite movement, 1811
Violence spread, 1812
Changing Labor Conditions
No government regulation
Labor unions organized
Strikes brought change
New Class of Workers
Growth of middle class
Managers, accountants, engineers, mechanics, salesmen
Economy increased

9. Luddite Movement
Luddites smashed spinning frames

10. By the early 1800s British Workers started to organize
Labor Unions- organizations representing worker’s interest. Represent workers to management.
Strikes- work stoppages used to raise wages & improve conditions.
The Tolpuddle Martyrs

11. Factories & Mass production
Mass Production- the system of manufacturing large numbers of identical parts , including the assembly line & interchangeable parts.
(started in the US)
Assembly line- The product moves from worker to worker as each performs a step in the manufacturing process.

12. Effects of Mass Production
Positive effects
Dramatic increase in production
Businesses charged less
Affordable goods
Negative effects
More repetitious jobs
Seen as dehumanizing
Soon became norm

15. Next
Complete the definitions & 3 constructed response questions. Write in complete sentences

16. Use the following slides for constructive response questions

17. Industrialization Changes Life
Living Conditions
Sickness widespread; epidemics,
like cholera, sweep urban slums
Life span in one large city is only 17 years
Wealthy merchants, factory owners live in luxurious suburban homes
Rapidly growing cities lack sanitary codes and building codes
Cities also without adequate housing, education, and police protection

18. Industrialization Changes Life
Working Conditions
Average working day is 14 hours for 6 days a week, year round
Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers
Many coal miners killed by coal dust

19. Class Tensions Grow The Middle Class
Middle class—skilled workers, merchants, rich farmers, professionals
Emerging middle class looked down on by landowners and aristocrats
Middle class has comfortable standard of living

20. The Working Class Class Tensions Grow
Laborers’ lives not improved; some laborers replaced by machines
Luddites and other groups destroy machinery that puts them out of work
Unemployment is a serious problem; unemployed workers riot

23. Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Immediate Benefits
Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress
Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve
Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions
Long-Term Effects
Improved living and working conditions still evident today
Governments use increased tax revenues for urban developments