Enlightenment

The Scientific Revolution Moved Europe from a worldview that was primarily religious, to one that was primarily secular. Promoted critical thinking Fostered the creation of a new intellectual movement – The Enlightenment

What was it? The Age of Reason (1650-1800) European philosophers rethought old ideas:  Government: Skeptical of authority, natural rights. Religion: Reexamined its role in public life, reason over revelation.  Economics Stressed reason, thought, and the power of the individual. 

Enlightenment Philosophers Intellectuals were called Philosophes.  Challenged rule by absolute monarchs & presented new theories on government Often in pursuit of independence and democratic ideals These ideas are reflected in revolutionary documents. 

Enlightened Despots Absolute rulers that supported Enlightenment ideas, but had no intention of giving up any power.  Catherine the great of Russia and Gustav II of Sweden

Women and the Enlightenment Women still not given the same rights as men. Debates started about women's role in society and education.  Mary Wollstonecraft became one of the earliest spokespersons for women’s rights. Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Impact of Enlightenment Central Theme: Idea of progress Idea that society could be improved through human action, guided by reason.  Ideas inspired reform movements and leaders of revolutions Americas, France, Russia, China, etc.