Journal # 3: List two ways that a sponge benefits other organisms.

When you are done Turn in to the basket on my desk, work on your new vocab-zoology books are in the bookcase

Zoology 8/22 Part 2 vocab quiz 8/24 Unit test 8/27 What are the traits of Phylum Porifera? 1. Journal #6 2. Phylum Porifera 3. Porifera coloring/question sheet

1. What is radial symmetry? 2. Give an advantage Journal #6 1. What is radial symmetry? 2. Give an advantage 3. Give a disadvantage 4. Example of organism with this symmetry

PHYLUM PORIFERA SPONGES

I. General Information Porifera means “pore-bearing” EX: sponges 3. No tissues, organs, or systems 4. Entire animal consists of several different types of cells functioning together. 5. Sessile- immobile Symmetry: Asymmetrical- no symmetry Simplest of all animals

Osculum- allows water & waste to leave. Spicules- give support/protection Choanocyte- traps passing food Spongocoel- center cavity of sponge Porocyte- allows water & food into sponge Mesohyl- gelatinous middle layer thru which amoebocytes travel. Amoebocytes- carry nutrients, oxygen thru body. Can also become reproductive cells. Ostium (plural ostia)- opening to a porocyte Pinacocyte- epidermal cells; cover outside of sponge; can contract to close ostia when irritated

Digestion/Feeding Filter feeders- sessile so cannot prey on food. Eat bacteria, algae, protists, larvae Pathway of water & food

Food vacuole is created at base of choanocyte. Digestion begins. a. Enters porocyte b. Passes by choanocyte which has beating flagella to pull food into collar which captures food. Food vacuole is created at base of choanocyte. Digestion begins. Food vacuole is passed to an amoebocyte. Amoebocyte carries nutrients to all parts of sponge. Also remove waste from sponge (circulatory system) Excess water & waste exit thru osculum. g. Can measure amount of water flow out of the sponge by adding dye http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zool250/animations/Porifera.swf

Respiration- exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide 1. DIFFUSION through the cell membranes exposed directly to water. Gas exchange occurs in a sponge by simple diffusion across each cell membrane. Gas exchange always takes place by diffusion, in which the gases move from where they are most concentrated to where they are least concentrated, carbon dioxide moving in one direction and oxygen in the other. In human beings this occurs across the alveolar-capillary membrane in the lungs. Read more: How Do Sponges Breath? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6549077_do-sponges-breath_.html#ixzz1X8ZmxVcp

Spicules- needle-like pieces of calcium carbonate or silica. Skeleton/Support Spicules- needle-like pieces of calcium carbonate or silica. All different shapes & sizes 2. Spongin- flexible protein fibers found in the sponge skeleton ex:bath sponge Spicules- spicules are sharp spikes (made of calcium carbonate) located in the mesohyl. Spicules form the "skeleton" of many sponges. The different shapes and sizes dipictes what species of sponge Spongin-

Excretion- removal of wastes from body Wastes removed from body by amoebocytes. Released to spongocoel & out osculum. http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb102/lab_1/porifera/sponge_animation.gif&imgrefurl=http://bio.rutgers.edu/~gb102/lab_1/porifera/sponge_animation.html&usg=__RYJg9379B6PSO0d4IaeJ1cEZp6s=&h=432&w=432&sz=78&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=cGliBdN9G1zbTM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=126&ei=pJBlTrqTNYO6tgeXhtGECg&prev=/search%3Fq%3Damoebocytes%2Banimation%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1T4ACGW_enUS313US314%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1

VI. Reproduction Asexual- without using sperm & egg a. Regeneration- broken pieces of sponge regrow into entire new sponge.

b. Budding- small buds break off & continue to grow until adulthood. Here one or more outgrowths of reproductive units called buds are formed on the parental body. Each bud consists of a small group of cells surrounded by the epithelium. A bud develops as a small outgrowth on the parents body. Each bud enlarges, develops the characteristics of the parent organism. A bud may become separated from the parent body and then develop into a new individual, or it may separate only after the completion of development. In some cases the buds never separate and as a result, colonies of interconnected individuals are formed. Examples: Hydra, sponges, some tunicates.

c. Gemmules- masses of amoebocytes form. on parent in winter c. Gemmules- masses of amoebocytes form on parent in winter. Amoebocytes become all other cells when released to form a new sponge.

Sexual- with sperm and egg. a. Monoecious- hermaphrodites; produce sperm & egg in same organism. Do not make or release sperm & egg at same time. Prevents self-fertilization. Self-fertilization is like inbreeding. Does not promote good genetic diversity.

VII. 3 Body Forms Ascon a. Simplest b. Vase-like body c. EX: Leucosolenia

Sycon a. More complex than ascon. b. Folded body wall c. More choanocytes = more food d. EX: Grantia

Leucon- a. Complex body wall b. Many oscula c. Even more choanocytes = more food d. EX: bath sponge

VIII. Classification Based on type of spicules (different shape of spicules indicates different species) Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera Class Calcarea- spicules of calcium carbonate; needle-like or 3-4 rays. Class Hexactinellidae- spicules of silica with 6 rays Class Demospongiae- spicules of silica or spongin; bath sponge Classified based on spicules

IX. Economic/Environmental Importance Filter & clean water. Control some animal populations by eating excess larvae. Bath sponges sold for cleaning, exfoliating, personal hygiene, etc. Part of food chain Provide habitat for many types of animals.

DAILY QUIZ #3 The cells that capture food for the sponge are called a. Pinacocytes b. Choanocytes c. amoebocytes The center cavity of the sponge is a. Osculum b. Mesohyl c. spongocoel Sponges breathe a. With lungs b. With gills c. By diffusion The jelly-like middle layer of the sponge is a. Mesohyl b. Mesoderm c. spongy Human : red blood cell :: Sponge : a. spicule b. Amoebocyte c. osculum

Links for WebQuests http://lcmrschool.org/HS/Roth/Biology_animate/Ch26/ActiveArt/structure_of_a_sponge.swf http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/courses.hp/zool250/animations/Porifera.swf