1. Phylum: Porifera Sponges

2. Characteristics Simplest animals Multicellular
No organs, tissues, or body systems
Asymmetry (some radial symmetry)
Sessile
Mostly Marine
Home for many organisms

3. Shape/Size
Thin flat crust, vase-shaped, branched, or irregular

4. Colors Yellow, orange, green, purple
Their color fades quickly when removed from water

5. Anatomy Osculum – opening at the top where water exits
Spongocoel – large chamber
Ostia – pores for incoming water
Pinacocytes: located on the epidermis; regulate the size of the ostia
Spicules – skeleton, support and protect
Holdfast- base where sponge attaches to rock or surface

6. Anatomy
Choanocytes (collar cells) – flagellated collar cells lining the inside canals, maintain current of water, they trap and phagocytize food particles
Mesoglea– gelatinous “connective tissue” layer between cells
Amoebocyte – transports nutrition from cell to cell

7. Spicules

9. Three Classes of Sponges
Class Calcarea spicules of calcium carbonate
Class Hexactinellida spicules of silica fused in a continuous and often very beautiful latticework
Class Demospongiae the largest class, which has unfused silica spicules, OR a tough, keratin-like protein called spongin, OR a combination of the two  

10. Calcarea

11. Hexactinellida

12. Demospongiae

13. The Three Main Types of Organization Asconoid Sponge: Simple Sponges
Most Simple Sponge
Example: Leucosolenia

14. Sychonoid Sponge Highly folded into incurrent canals Ex: Scypha

15. Leuconoid Sponge Most complex Large size
Incurrent and excurrent canals
Ex: Bath Sponge

17. Obtaining food and Digestion
Filter Feeders: trap microorganisms (plankton and bacteria)
Choanocyte collar collects food with fingerlike microvili (cillia) and flagella
Cellular Digestion: Food particles will be broken down by choanocytes and move onto Amoebocyte where the nutrients will be transported

19. Reproduction Sexually
Hermaphroditic – both male and female sexes are in one body
Ova are fertilized by motile sperm (sperm arise from choanocytes)
Zygotes develop into flagellated larva

21. Asexual: Budding/fragmentation – external buds of tissue drop off of parent

22. Asexual: Regeneration of body parts

23. Asexual: Gemmules – internal buds (dormant), masses of cells that are encapsulated and surviv3 periods of harsh conditions (i.e. winter)

24. Locomotion
Adult is sessile
Larva are flagellated

25. Sponge Industry Mediterranean, Gulf of Mexico
Brought up by divers or dredges
Living cells are allowed to decay, they are cleaned, dried, and marketed.