American Civil War The People SSUSH9.C

The Union (North)

President Abraham Lincoln Elected president in 1860. (Republican) Primary goal in fighting the war was to “preserve the Union” Appointed Grant as General of the Union Army Issued the Emancipation Proclamation and promoted the 13th Amendment (ending slavery) Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

General Ulysses S. Grant Graduated from U.S. Military Academy (West Point) Appointed as Commander of the Union Army Won many of the Union’s most important victories Accepts Lee’s Surrender, ending the Civil War

William Tecumseh Sherman Graduated from U.S. Military Academy (West Point) Served as second-in-command under General Grant Destroyed Atlanta His “March to the Sea” helped end the Confederacy’s will to fight

The Confederacy (South)

President (C.S.A.) Jefferson Davis Graduated from U.S. Military Academy (West Point) Had served as a U.S. Senator from Mississippi and the U.S. Secretary of War Elected as President of the Confederate States of America Appointed General Lee as commander of the Confederate Army

General Robert E. Lee Graduated from U.S. Military Academy (West Point) Appointed as commander of the Confederate Army Led Confederate Army against larger and more well-supplied Union forces Forced to surrender to Grant, ending the war

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Graduated from U.S. Military Academy (West Point) Won 1st Battle of Bull Run (1st battle of the war) Second-in-command under General Lee Shot by his own troops at Battle of Chancellorsville, and died of complications

American Civil War The Battles SSUSH9.D

Fort Sumter Describe: April, 1861 – Confederates attack Union Fort Sumter. Union forces surrender after 24 hours. Importance: This battle is the start of the Civil War Geography: Controlling Fort Sumter = controlling the harbor of Charleston, SC.

Response to Fort Sumter

Response to Fort Sumter

Anaconda Plan

Anaconda Plan Union’s strategy to win the war Blockade southern ports Split the Confederacy in two by taking control of Mississippi River Capture Richmond, VA, the capital of the Confederacy

Generals at Bull Run General McDowell vs. General Beauregard

Battle of Bull Run First major battle of the Civil War Only 25 miles from Washington, D.C. South won and southern general Stonewall Jackson won his nickname because he stood firm in battle

Battle of Bull Run

Battle of Antietam Describe: September, 1862 – Battle is Maryland was the bloodiest single day of the war (23,000 casualties). Ended in a tie. Importance: Stopped Gen. Lee’s (Cf) march into the north. Showed that Lee could be stopped. Geography: 1st battle on northern soil

Battle of Antietam

Chancellorsville, Virginia Confederate victory in 1863 Stonewall Jackson was shot and killed accidentally by his own troops.

Emancipation Proclamation It freed the slaves only in states that have seceded from the Union. It did not free slaves in border states. 26

Battle of Gettysburg In 1863, General Lee decided again to invade the North. His army met Union forces at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The Union won after three days of fierce fighting Over 51, 000 people killed or wounded in 3 days It was the last time the South invaded the North. Gettysburg was considered a turning point in the war because Northerners gained new life after finally defeating Lee’s army

Gettysburg

Gettysburg Address that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Abe Lincoln Lincoln’s speech gave new purpose to the sacrifices being made by the Union to win the war. The conflict was no longer just about “preserving the Union.” 30

Battle of Vicksburg Describe: May-July, 1863 Importance / Geography: General Grant (Un) leads a 3 month siege on Vicksburg, MS. Confederates are forced to surrender. Importance / Geography: Union gains control of the Miss. River. (Arkansas, Louisiana, & Texas were cut off from the rest of the South).

Battle of Vicksburg

Battle for Atlanta July-September, 1864: The Union army surrounds and captures Atlanta. This city was the transportation hub of the south, and its capture strangled confederate resistance.

William Tecumseh Sherman Grant gave the military division of the Mississippi to Sherman. Both generals sought a total victory over the South. This meant not only conquering the South’s army and government, but also its civilian population.

Sherman’s March to the Sea On November 12, 1864, Sherman marched out of Atlanta toward the Atlantic coast. Tracing a line of march between Macon and Augusta, he carved a sixty-mile wide swath of destruction in the Confederacy's heartland.

Union Prison Camp at Andersonville, GA

Original Andersonville Plan Planned to hold 10,000 men. Had over 32,000 at one time.

Distributing “Rations”

Union “Survivors”

Burying Dead Union POWs

Lee Surrenders to Grant April 3, 1865 Grant surrounds Lee’s Confederate Army, and Lee is forced to surrender at Appomattox Court House. Marks the of the Civil War.

Surrender at Appomattox