Chapter 11 Test Review

Match the Scientists 1. Mendel A. recombination 2. Morgan helps make map 3. Sturtevant B. alleles segregate C. some genes linked

Match the Scientists 1. Mendel B. alleles segregate 2. Morgan C. genes linked 3. Sturtevant A. recombination helps make map

4. What is fertilization? Process of sexual reproduction Joining egg + sperm Joining egg and pollen

What is true-breeding and hybrid? 5. True-breeding = E. offspring are identical to parents 6. Hybrid = D. offspring are of parents of different traits

7. Genes are____: F. the location on a chromosome for a trait

PUNNETT PRACTICE p.3 Dihybrid Cross What are the parental genotypes? Heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse Homozygous running, homozygous black mouse

PUNNETT PRACTICE p.3 Dihybrid Cross What are the parental genotypes? Heterozygous running, heterozygous black mouse RrBb Homozygous running, homozygous black mouse RRBB

PUNNETT PRACTICE Dihybrid Cross How many boxes to you need for a dihybrid cross? ANSWER: 16

PUNNETT PRACTICE Show how you would place the parental alleles on each side of the Punnett Squares:

RB Rb rB rb RB RB

NOW FILL IN THE BOXES AND WHAT IS THE PHENOTYPIC RATIO?

100% running black RB Rb rB rb RRBB RRBb RrBB RrBb RB RB

8. Gametes are: A. body cells B. sex cells C. somatic cells D. skin cells ANSWER: sex cells B

9. The likelihood that a particular event will occur is: A. hybrid B. offspring C. probability D. recombination ANSWER: C probability

10. The wild type is… A. dominant trait B. recessive trait C. most common trait ANSWER: C

11. homologous D. male + corresponding female set of chromosomes

GO TO PUNNETT PRACTICE On your dry erase board. Do #4 on page 2. Cross two plants that are heterozygous for green pods.

#4 Answer gg Gg GG Genotypic ratio: GG:Gg:gg 1: 2: 1 Phenotypic ratio: 1: 2: 1 Phenotypic ratio: Green:yellow 3:1 G g Gg gg GG G g

12. Haploid and 13. Diploid 13. C. one set of chromosomes N in humans 23 14. B. two sets of homologous chromosomes 2N in humans 46

14. What is a tetrad? A. 4 homologous chromosomes

MULTIPLE ALLELE TRAITS IN CHICKENS Question #1:On the cross pictured, what must be the genotypes of the two parents for the outcome to always be a buttercup offspring? ANSWER: rrPP X RRpp

Did you set it up right? RP Rp rP rp RP Rp rP rp

9:3:3:1 RRPP RRPp RrPP RrPp RRpp Rrpp rrPP rrPp rrpp Rp rP rp RP Rp rP rp RRPP RRPp RrPP RrPp RRpp Rrpp rrPP rrPp rrpp RP Rp rP rp

15. Crossing-over F. homologous chromosomes exchange segments

16. What is a chiasma? A. when 4 chromosomes come together B. when a cell divides into 4 cells C. when a cell splits D. making poopie E. is the point of crossing over of the two inner homologous chromosomes ANSWER: E

17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis starts with 2N parent Daughter cells are 2N Daughter cells identical Makes somatic cells Ends with 2 cells 1 division

17. Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis starts with 2N parent Daughter cells are N Daughter cells different Makes sex cells Ends with 4 cells 2 divisions

18. If you had a tall plant, how can you tell if it is TT or Tt? Cross it with tt (a test cross) t T T t

18. If you had a tall plant, how can you tell if it is TT or Tt? Cross it with tt Tt tt t T T Tt t

19. Spongebob SsYy marries and mates Spongebetty ssYy Y=yellow y=blue S=square s=round

19. Spongebob SsYy marries and mates Spongebetty ssYy Y=yellow y=blue S=square s=round

19. SsYy X ssYy SY Sy sY sy SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy Ssyy ssyy sY sy

19. SsYy X ssYy SY Sy sY sy SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy Ssyy ssyy sY sy

6 square yellow 6 round yellow 2 square blue 2 round blue SY Sy sY sy SsYY SsYy ssYY ssYy Ssyy ssyy sY sy

20. Flower Parts

EXTRA: Male Flower Parts? Stamen pistil stigma anther ANSWER: stamen anther

21. Hetero or Homo zygous _____HH _____hh _____Hh ANSWER: Homozygous Heterozygous HH hh Hh

EXTRA: Recessive? T t H h ANSWER: t h

EXTRA: Dominant? T t H h ANSWER: T H

CHECK YOUR SKILLS: Go to Punnett Practice #7 Genotypic Ratio? Phenotypic Ratio?

Nn x nn Nn Nn nn n nn n N n Genotypic: Nn:nn 2 : 2 Phenotypic 2 : 2 Phenotypic Smooth;const. 2 : 2 Nn nn n nn Nn n

CHECK YOUR SKILLS: BbFf x bbff How many boxes do you need? 16 How do you separate each parent? BF Bf bF bf bf bf bf bf

BF Bf bF bf bf BbFf Bbff bbFf bbff

Genotypic Ratio BbFf : Bbff : bbFf : bbff 4 4 4 4 Phenotypic Ratio Black fat : black thin : white fat : white thin 4 4 4 4

CHECK YOUR SKILLS: RR x RW incomplete dominance

CHECK YOUR ANSWER: RR x RW incomplete dominance Genotypic RR : RW 2 2 Phenotypic Red : Pink 2 2 R W RR RR RW RW

#22 Black rooster and white chicken form black and white spotted chicks ANSWER: codominance

#23 The color of the skin is determined by six different locations on genes ANSWER: polygenic trait

#24 A red flower is crossed with a white flower to make pink offspring. ANSWER: incomplete dominance

#25 TT x WW = TW offspring ANSWER: codominance

#26 Eye color alternatives include blue, brown, green, black ANSWER: multiple alleles

#27 A black rabbit crossed with a white rabbit produced a gray rabbit ANSWER: incomplete dominance

#29 ANSWER: The higher the crossover frequency, the farther apart are the genes.

#28 The greater the number of recombination frequencies (crossovers), then the _____ the genes are to each other. ANSWER: farther apart

#29 Red, hair freckles, and fair skin seem to be inherited together. They must be on _____ genes. ANSWER: linked

#30 The location on a chromosome is referred to as the: ANSWER: locus gene

Back of chicken worksheet: Do questions #1 and #2

Incomplete dominance = the offspring show trait in-between the two dominant traits (like black and white have gray offspring) Codominance = both dominant traits will appear like black and white will have spotted black-white offspring

Genotype for black chickens BB Genotype for white chickens WW Genotype for erminette BW

#31 What is the difference between a trait and an allele? TRAIT: general description EX; eye color, height ALLELE: alternative choices EX: blue and green, and tall-short

A-B = 29% B-C=11% B-D=4% A-D = 21 % ADD: A-C =18% C-D = 3% What is the order of these genes? ANSWER: A C D B

32. Names of the phases in meiosis:

32. Names of the phases in meiosis: Anaphase II Prophase I Anaphase I Metaphase I Metaphase II Telophase I Prophase II Telophase II

#33 Structures of Prophase I

Go to Back and do “Polygenic Inheritance” Worksheet Human Skin Shades Mulatto denotes a person with one white parent and one black parent, or more broadly, a person of mixed black and white ancestry. May also include Native American and other backgrounds.

KNOW YOUR MATCHING Numbers of descriptions of offspring phenotypic ratio Numbers of letters of offspring , TT, Tt, tt genotypic ratio Trait that is expressed even if other trait is present dominant

32. MATCHING (cont.) Trait that is only expressed if the dominant trait is not present recessive Alternative choices of a trait alleles

32. MATCHING (cont) General description of a gene trait Plant’s pollen fertilizes the same plant self-pollination Plant’s pollen fertilizes a different plant cross-pollination

Can You Identify? locus

Compare egg and sperm: Egg forms one large egg and three smaller polar bodies Sperm form all the same size and shape

What is the purpose of the Punnett Square? A. show the exact offspring B. show only dominant offspring C. predict the probability from a cross D. predict who will win the sperm lotto ANSWER: C

Independent Assortment and Crossing Over Independent Assortment randomly segregates the alleles. Crossing-over breaks and reattaches chromosomes to make new gene arrangements. BOTH INCREASE DIVERSITY

ESSAYS? Punnett Squares Monohybrid Cross Codominant or Incomplete Dominant Dihybrid Cross Be able to write a genotypic and phenotypic ratio.