Aim: How do scientists clone organisms?

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How do scientists clone organisms? Hello Dolly!! http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/

What is a Clone? A clone is an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced. Exact Genetic Copy

Do the cells of our body make exact copies of themselves? Yes. When? Mitosis Repair Growth

What process ensures that the offspring will be genetically identical? DNA Replication

Asexual Reproduction: X X X X Offspring Parent Genetic Information (DNA) How many parents? How does the genetic Information between the parent and offspring compare?

Cloning vs. Asexual Reproduction Cloning is a technique that accomplishes the same end result as __________reproduction. asexual What is the end result? The production of offspring with identical genetic information as the parent.

Can we clone organisms that normally reproduce sexually? Scientists have been able to successfully clone animals since 1996 (maybe earlier).

How is this done?

Steps of Cloning: The nucleus from an egg cell is removed. (Discard the nucleus) The nucleus of a ‘somatic’ cell from a donor is removed. (keep the nucleus) The nucleus of the donor somatic cell is placed inside the egg cell. The egg cell with the new nucleus is placed inside the womb (uterus). When the baby is born, it will have the same genetic information as the donor.

Why Clone? Clone Organs Revive endangered species Clone Stem Cells Clone Organs Revive endangered species Reproducing a deceased pet Clone humans??

Extra Material: Do you think identical twins are clones? Explain. Can you hypothesize how identical twins are formed? http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu/units/cloning/

How are Identical Twins Formed? Fertilization Mitosis + Sperm Egg Zygote Twin #1 Twin #2

Why do Identical Twins look alike? After the cell is fertilized, it begins to divide by Asexual Reproduction (mitosis). Zygote Therefore the genetic information is identical in each of the cells.

How are Fraternal Twins Formed? + Sperm Egg Zygote + Sperm Egg Zygote

Why do Fraternal Twins look different? They are formed from two different sperm and two different eggs. Zygotes