1. Cell Division and Types of Reproduction

2. Cell Division At times, cells need to divide
Divide = split and make copies
There are actually different types of cell division

3. Types of Cell Division Binary Fission Only for Prokaryotic cells
Binary = two
Fission = Split
Binary Fission = Split in two
Only for Prokaryotic cells

4. Types of Cell Division 2. Mitosis Only for Eukaryotic Cells
Makes 2 identical cells
New cell is exactly the same. Has the same DNA, does the same function (job)
Used for:
Healing
Growing
Replacing old cells

5. Types of Cell Division Meiosis Only in Eukaryotic Cells
Meio = lessen (decrease)
osis = action
Meiosis = action that lessens
Only in Eukaryotic Cells
Makes sex cells
Sperm and eggs
Makes 4 different cells
Each cell has different DNA
Each cell has half of the original cell’s DNA
A human sex cell has 23 chromosomes. No pairs.

6. Types of Reproduction
There are 2 mains types of reproduction that living things can use to reproduce
Asexual Reproduction
Offspring (child) has same DNA as the parent
Sexual Reproduction
Offspring has a mix of DNA from both the mother and the father.

7. Asexual Reproduction New organism is produced with DNA from 1 parent
Done through Binary Fission or Mitosis

8. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Bacteria
Use Binary Fission
Single Eukaryotic Cells
Use Mitosis
Plants
New plant starts from old plants leaves, roots, or stems
Example – Starting a bamboo plant from a leaf
Uses Mitosis
Animals
Called Budding
New living grows off the parent like a ‘bud.’ Eventually develops into a mature, independent living thing.

9. Sexual Reproduction New living thing produced using DNA from 2 parents
Only in Eukaryotic living things
Combines sex cells to make new living thing
New living thing has half DNA from mother, half DNA from father
When sperm and egg combine, it is called Fertilization
New formed cell is called a zygote

10. Types of Sexual Reproduction
External Fertilization
Egg and sperm combine outside of mother’s body
New living things develops outside of body in an egg
Examples – fish, coral, octopi, squid, etc. use this method.
Most animals that live in water use this method of fertilization

11. Types of Reproduction Internal Fertilization
Egg and sperm combine inside mother’s body
New living thing sometimes develops inside mother
Example – humans, mammals
Mother sometimes will lay egg.
Example – chicken, reptiles,
Most land animals use internal fertilization

12. Questions
A human embryo (developing baby) starts as one cell. It divides to grow. Would it use binary fission, mitosis, or meiosis?
An E.coli bacteria is dividing. What process would it use?
A jellyfish can make an exact copy of itself by budding off copies instead of using sexual reproduction. Would a jellyfish need to undergo meiosis? Explain why or why not. (3 marks)
What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?

13. Questions
What are the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
What are the similarities between sexual and asexual reproduction?
A trembling aspen is reproducing using asexual reproduction. What differences would there be between its DNA and its offspring’s DNA? Explain.
Which would create more genetic diversity (differences in the offspring's genetic material) amongst species? Asexual or sexual reproduction? Explain.