1. Types of Reproduction & Development

2. Sexual Reproduction
The fusion of reproductive cells from two separate individuals to form a new offspring.
Offspring produced by sexual reproduction inherit some of their genetic information from each parent.
Offspring
Parent

3. Internal vs. External Fertilization
Internal Fertilization occurs inside the body.

4. Internal vs. External Fertilization
External Fertilization occurs outside the body.

5. Internal vs. External Fertilization
REMINDER!!!
Sperm + Egg  Zygote
Zygote = “the fertilized egg”

6. Internal vs. External Development
Internal Development occurs inside the body of the mother.

7. Internal vs. External Development
External Development occurs outside the body of the mother.

8. Human Development
Differentiation: Point in human development where certain genes turn on and others turn off.
This causes different cells to develop special functions (Specialization).

10. TWINS!!!
Fraternal Twins – two eggs released during ovulation and both are fertilized by different sperm producing two different embryos.
Identical Twins – one egg is released and is fertilized by one sperm, but the zygote splits in half producing two identical embryos.

11. Asexual Reproduction
The production of two genetically identical offspring from a single parent
Single-celled organisms can ONLY reproduce asexually
No sperm or egg cell involved
Parent
Offspring

12. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission (amoeba)

13. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Budding (Hydra)

14. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Regeneration

15. Cell Division
Mitosis & Meiosis

16. Cell Division Vocabulary Words
DNA – carries the genetic information of the cell
Nucleus – stores DNA
Chromosomes – threadlike structure of condensed DNA that contains an individual’s genes
Homologous Pair – a pair of matching chromosomes, one inherited from each parent
23 homologous pairs in humans = 46 total chromosomes

17. Homologous Chromosomes

18. Cell Division Vocabulary Words
Diploid – number of chromosomes in all somatic cells (2n)
For humans, diploid is 46
Haploid – number of chromosomes in all gametes (n)
For humans, haploid is 23
Parent Cell- what you start with
Daughter Cell – the product
Somatic Cell – a body cell. Any cell other than egg/sperm
Gamete – a sex cell (egg or sperm)

19. Mitosis
Making exact copies of cells
(Cell Division)

20. Mitosis Purpose: growth and repair
One diploid parent cell produces two identical diploid daughter cells.
Mitosis = Asexual Reproduction of cells

21. Meiosis
Making sex cells
(sperm and egg)

22. Meiosis Purpose: making gametes
One diploid parent cell produces four different haploid daughter cells.
Each daughter cell is unique and different from the parent cell AND the other daughter cells.

23. Meiosis Also called “gametogenesis” Males = Make 4 Sperm Cells
Females = Make 1 Egg Cell & 3 Polar Bodies

24. Crossing Over
During Meiosis, some information on the chromosomes may switch between homologous pairs.
This results in genetic variation.

26. Human Development

27. Interphase
DNA duplication occurs to prepare for cell division.

28. Prophase
DNA forms into chromosomes and centrioles move to opposite ends of nucleus.

29. Metaphase
Chromosomes line up in center of cell and spindle fibers from centrioles attach.

30. Anaphase
Chromosomes begin moving towards opposite ends of nucleus (pulled by centrioles).

31. Telophase
Chromosomes reach opposite sides and cleavage occurs, forming two identical daughter cells.

32. Mitosis

33. Mitosis