STUDENT OBJECTIVES TLW… Discuss the Punic Wars and how Rome gained control over Carthage. Explain how expansion changed the Roman Empire.

Chapter 7.2 Terms Punic Wars Hannibal Scipio Spartacus Reparations

ROMAN ARMY *Legionnaires consisting of 4500-6000 citizens made up 1 unit in the army. *Very disciplined and well trained. *Every adult male citizen who owned land was required to serve. *Auxilia=units of noncitizens.

TREATMENT OF CONQUERED PEOPLE *Romans wanted their conquered peoples to be loyal to Rome. Granted full citizenship to inhabitants of nearby Italian cities. (vote, own property, and marry) Granted partial citizenship to the people of more distant cities. (own property and marry) Really distant lands remained independent, but had to supply Rome with soldiers.

ROME FIGHTS CARTHAGE CARTHAGE: *City-State located on coast of North Africa. *Carthage dominated the trade market in the Mediterranean and had important trade centers in Sicily. *Rome expands into Southern Italy posing an economic threat to Carthage.

Use Pages 155-157 to fill out the chart PUNIC WARS Causes Results 1st Punic War 2nd Punic War 3rd Punic War

FIRST PUNIC WAR *Began in 264 B.C., fought for 23 years. Mainly a naval battle. *Carthage has a superior navy, Rome has the superior army (no navy). *Rome quickly builds a navy and uses land warfare tactics at sea. “Boarding Bridges.” *Rome wins. Carthage gives Sicily to Rome and pays Rome “war reparations” or damages (it’s like suing someone).

SECOND PUNIC WAR *Began in 218 B.C., Ends in 202 B.C. *Land infantry battle between Rome and Carthage. *Hannibal will lead the Carthaginian army by land through Spain, Gaul (France),and through the Alps into Northern Italy.

SECOND PUNIC WAR *Hannibal’s army included foot soldiers as well as a horse and elephant cavalry. *The crossing of the Alps was very difficult and many of Hannibal’s soldiers died. Only 1 Elephant survived. *Hannibal could not get Rome’s enemies to fight with Carthage. Hannibal’s army included foot soldiers, cavalry, and elephants. The crossing of the Alps was difficult and many of Hannibal’s soldiers died.

SECOND PUNIC WAR *Hannibal did not have the manpower to attack the city of Rome without reinforcements from Carthage, nor could he get Rome’s enemies to join him. *Hannibal pillages the Italian country side for 15 years. *Scipio attacks Carthage in Africa, Hannibal returns home and loses to Rome at the Battle of Zama in 202 B.C.

RESULTS OF THE SECOND PUNIC WAR 1) Macedonia had allied with Carthage, so Rome attacks and destroys Macedonia in 197 B.C. 2) Carthage paid more war reparations to Rome. 3) Gave up most of its navy to Rome. 4) Gave the colonies of Spain to Rome. 5) Carthage remains independent. 6) Rome becomes the most powerful force in the Mediterranean.

Video Clip: 1st & 2nd Punic War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZrjXEomBXM&safe ty_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active (Part 1: 1st and 2nd Punic Wars) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4F1GN9oCfE&safet y_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active (Part 2: 2nd Punic War)

THIRD PUNIC WAR *Rome hates Carthage and wants to see them destroyed and removed as a future threat. *Rome attacks Carthage in 149 B.C. and completely destroys the city in 146 B.C. *Rome’s territory now stretches from Spain to Turkey (Asia Minor).

PROBLEMS WITH EXPANSION Roman Senate takes complete control over the army and foreign policy=nobles gain more power. People in new territories were not given citizenship. Instead, they were subjects of Rome ruled by a Roman Governor. Roman soldiers had to sell their farm land upon returning home. Rich get richer, poor get poorer. Enslaved many conquered people. Slaves could buy their freedom. Many tried to rebel. Roman army had to defend against rebellion from with-in and from with-out.

ROMAN EMPIRE 133 B.C.

Does Yours Look Like This? PUNIC WARS Causes Results 1st Punic War *23 year war Carthage was afraid Rome would take Sicily; Rome was afraid Carthage would close the Adriatic Sea and the Strait of Messina. Carthage asked for peace; had to pay reparations and give up control of Sicily. 2nd Punic War *16 year war Hannibal invaded Italy. Carthage asked for peace; paid reparations and lost the Spanish colonies. 3rd Punic War *3 year war Some Romans passionately hated Carthage; Rome declares war Carthage was destroyed; Rome’s empire stretches from Spain to Asia Minor (Turkey)

Chapter 7.1 and 7.2 Handout