1. The Punic Wars
World History

2. Essential Question: Why were the Romans able to conquer Italy & the Mediterranean World?

3. The Roman Army All citizens were required to serve Army was powerful:
Organization & fighting skill
Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)

4. Rome Spreads its Power
Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south
Treatment of Conquered:
Forge alliances
Offer citizenship
By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula

5. Rome’s Commercial Network
Rome establishes a large trading network
Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes
Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome

6. Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.) Three Wars between Rome and Carthage
1st Punic War- Caused by trade rivalry. Rome gains control of Sicily, Corsica & Sardinia

7. FIRST PUNIC WAR Primarily a naval war
Tactics involved maneuvering your ship in such a way so that you could ram and sink enemy
Carthage was very good at this because of long experience as naval power
Rome had small navy and little experience in naval warfare
Defeated time and time again by larger and more experienced Carthaginian navy

8. ROME WINS THE FIRST ONE
Rome finally turned the tables on Carthage by changing rules of naval warfare
Equipped ships with huge hooks and stationed soldiers on ships
Would hook enemy ship, pull it nearby, and board it with soldiers
Converted naval warfare into mini-land battles, something Rome was very good at. They won First Punic War as a result.

9. 2nd Punic War- Carthaginian General Hannibal’s “surprise” attack through Spain & France
60,000 soldiers and 60 elephants
Romans experience severe losses, but eventually ward off attacks & invade North Africa

10. Hannibal's troops crossing the Rhone River on their way to attack northern Italy.

11. Video clip
BBC- Hannibal's Elephants

12. ROME WINS SECOND PUNIC WAR
Unable to defeat Hannibal in Italy, a Roman army sailed across the Mediterranean, landed in North Africa, and headed for Carthage
Hannibal was forced to leave Italy to protect Carthage
Defeated at the Battle of Zama, fought outside the walls of Carthage
Hannibal

13. After 2nd war, Carthage was finished…
Hannibal committed suicide
Conquered people sold into slavery
Economy shattered
Lost almost all territory to Rome

14. Carthage must be destroyed!
Cato
Carthage must be destroyed!
Rome had already beaten Carthage twice… why wasn’t Cato satisfied?

15. Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.) 3rd Punic War- Rome seizes Carthage
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection

16. ROME WINS A THIRD TIME
Due to Cato’s persistent efforts, Rome declares war against defenseless Carthage
Wins easily
Entire population of city sold into slavery
Everything of value carried back to Rome
Everything else burned and dumped into the sea
Site sown with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again
Carthage completely disappeared

17. Imperialism
Imperialism= establishing control over foreign lands and peoples
Gradually, Rome also conquered and made alliances with parts of Alexander’s old empire: Macedonia, Greece, Asia Minor, and Egypt, as well as Spain

18. Effects of Expansion
Huge increase in wealth: conquests brought in money from loot, taxes, and trade.
Newly wealthy families bought latifundia (large estates) and forced captured people to work as slaves.
Small farmers could not compete with goods from the latifundia  many went into debt and had to sell their land.
Unemployed mobs went to Rome riots.
Corruption increased. Less focus on hard work.

19. Journal- on back of notes
Normally Rome treated conquered people with justice. Why did Rome treat Carthage so brutally?
Do you think this treatment was justified?