Zenger, Government, & the French & Indian War English Colonies Zenger, Government, & the French & Indian War

Impact of John Peter Zenger German immigrant 1733 Begins printing New York Weekly Journal New York Governor Removes govt. officials Starts a new court Attempts to rig a trial Journal fires back Zenger’s paper accuses the governor of threatening “liberties and properties & violating rules of office” Govt. indicted Zenger of libel Grand jury clears Zenger of charges Beginning of free press & free speech

Oversaw colonial trade Could dismiss colonial assy. Salutary Neglect The colonial leaders shared power England interfered very little with colonial affairs Parliament passed laws that were rarely enforced by governors Self-government grew in the colonies ROYAL GOVERNOR Appointed by crown Oversaw colonial trade Final approval on laws Could dismiss colonial assy. Colonial Assembly Governor’s Council Appointed by governor Advisory board to governor Acted as high court in colonies Elected by eligible colonists Made laws Had authority to tax Paid governor’s salary

French & Indian War War begins shortly after alliances are made with the natives Many small conflicts took place in the backcountry, known as the Ohio River Valley Ohio was coveted by both the British & French Both sides pushed for settlement, using military forces for support British sent 21-year-old George Washington to remove the French @ Ft. Duquesne

ALBANY PLAN OF UNION Delegates approve Ben Franklin’s plan Called to unite the colonies under a central govt. Called for president-general in the colonies Called for legislative assembly w/ power to tax Colonies REJECT Franklin’s plan to unite the colonies against the French Colonies didn’t want too much power to 1 govt. ALBANY PLAN OF UNION

OFFICIALLY @ WAR New British Prime Minister William Pitt vows to pay for & win war at all costs British attack northern N.Y. & take French forts British attack French city of Quebec French believed it to be impossible to attack British take Quebec in less than a month Battle of Quebec was momentum swing & turning point in the war

Treaty of Paris (1763) Terms of the treaty: France kept all lands in the West Indies Britain took all French lands EAST of the Mississippi River France would keep all lands WEST of the Mississippi River and New Orleans Spain gave up Florida (for helping France) To repay losses, France gave Spain New Orleans and all they had WEST of the Mississippi

Limits on Expansion British govt. tighten control on colonies after the Seven Years’ War Proclamation of 1763 Due to Pontiac’s War & land-hungry settlers Stop all expansion west of the Appalachian Mts. Britain keeps troops in the area to protect their interests Military is in charge British used soldiers to enforce the law People could only trade @ designated points under military supervision

ID Quickwrite #5 It was/was not necessary for the British govt. to restrict the extension of colonial settlement with the passing of the Proclamation of 1763 because…