International Atomic Energy Agency Aravind

History The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was formed in 1957 as a result of the fears and expectations of newly harnessed nuclear energy. Idea came from President Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace address to the U.N. General Assembly in 1953.

Documents The IAEA is defined by the statute located here: https://www.iaea.org/about/statute It is an autonomous organization that reports to both the U.N. Security Council and General Assembly, but is not under its direct control.

Governing Bodies General Conference - 164 members, meet 1 time per year. Review work of agency, give guidance on programs, approve applications for memberships, approve reports to U.N. bodies, and elect members to Board of Governors.

Governing Bodies Board of Governors - 35 members, meet 5 times per year. Executive body of IAEA. Meetings held in Vienna in March, June, before and after U.N. General Meeting assembly in September, and December. It considers all major topics including program. It approves of all safeguard agreements, important projects, and safety standards.

Governing Bodies Secretariat - 2200 professional and support staff from over 90 countries. Based in Vienna with offices worldwide. Is led by the Director General who is supported by the heads of the following departments: Management, Nuclear Applications, Technical Cooperation, Safeguards, Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Safety (a.k.a. Deputy Generals) Runs and supports research centers and labs. Uses advice of many experts and advisory committees. Over 15 conferences, 170 specialist meetings, and 100 research coordination meetings per year.

Director Generals 1957 - 1961: Sterling Cole: U.S.A. 1961 - 1981: Sigvard Eklund: Sweden 1981 - 1997: Hans Blix: Sweden 1997 - 2009: Mohamed ElBaradei: Egypt 2009 - Present: Yukiya Amano: Japan

Changes In 1958, the Scientific Advisory Committee was created to do research and advise the organization on specific issues. It played a huge role in how projects were approached. Included acclaimed scientists from around the world including Nobel Prize winners. In 1988, the Scientific Advisory Committee was dismantled in favor of many small, specialist advisory groups.

Objective Government independent science and technology based group that serves as the global focal point for nuclear cooperation. Research. Assists member states in planning for and using nuclear power for peaceful purposes, and promote this in developing member states. Set standards to maintain high level of safety. Verify that states only use nuclear material and facilities for peaceful purposes.

Activities Are related to the branches of the Deputy Directors seen in the secretariat. Technical cooperation: Support nuclear related cooperative projects to benefit people across the world, especially those in developing nations. Research and Development: Works with labs and institutes worldwide to study problems related to food and agriculture, human health, water resources, environment, physical/chemical applications, and other fields where nuclear technologies have an effect. From 1961, global system for cooperative nuclear research.

Nuclear Power: Help states plan their energy needs including nuclear based energy production. Analyze data and research to help improve infrastructure, programs, technology upgrades, and usage. Safety and Security: Framework for cooperative efforts to increase safety. Codes, guides, conventions, evaluations, capabilities, infrastructure. Covers installations, radioactive sources, transportation of material, and waste. Prevent terrorist or other malicious acts. Safeguards: Inspects states to ensure that they follow agreements, and verification of statements regarding programs. Management: Policy making, budget and finance, Services, Personnel, Public Information, Information Management.

Membership State notifies Director General that it wishes to join, who informs the Board of Governors. If the Board approves and then the General Conference approves, the state becomes a member after it turns in an acceptance letter. North Korea, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Cambodia left the IAEA. All except for North Korea eventually rejoined. Pros: Look better for other countries. Have the resources of the agency to better improve nuclear power and progress. Cons: If a member, IAEA is free to investigate the state.

International Impact Worldwide accepted standards Chernobyl, Fukushima. Most relevant impact is with Iran. The Atoms for Peace program was the system used to create Iran’s nuclear infrastructure. A very lengthy and ambitious project that was set back with the Revolution. Ayatollah called program “un-Islamic.” Later changed his mind, and sought help of Russia/U.S.S.R. to continue program. More recently, the IAEA observed Iran. It said that Iran may be aiming towards nuclear weapons. There were inconsistencies between Iran’s reports and the IAEA’s findings. This is how the U.N. justified some sanctions on Iran.

Works Cited "Atoms for Peace." Atoms for Peace. International Atomic Energy Agency, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <https://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/MemberStates/process.html>. "History of the IAEA." History of the IAEA. International Atomic Energy Agency, 20 Oct. 2014. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <https://www.iaea.org/about/history>. "IAEA :: Mission & History | Guide to Archives of International Organizations." IAEA :: Mission & History | Guide to Archives of International Organizations. UNESCO, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <http://www.unesco.org/archives/sio/Eng/presentation_print.php?idOrg=1013>. "IAEA Management Team." IAEA Management Team. International Atomic Energy Agency, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <https://www.iaea.org/about/leadership>. "The IAEA Mission Statement." The IAEA Mission Statement. International Atomic Energy Agency, 02 Nov. 2014. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <https://www.iaea.org/about/mission>. "International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)IAEA Home." Activities. International Atomic Energy Agency, 31 Mar. 2014. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. "The Statute of the IAEA." The Statute of the IAEA. International Atomic Energy Agency, 17 Nov. 2014. Web. 23 Mar. 2015. <https://www.iaea.org/about/statute>.