Chapter 24 Finish Ceilings & Floors ‘Interior’ Ceiling @ the Venetian Hotel (Las Vegas)

Functions of Finish Ceilings Visual - color, texture, pattern, shape Control diffusion of: light sound Conceal MPE Accommodate: lights, diffusers, communication, sprinkler… May assist with fire resistance distribution / return of HVAC

Types of Ceilings Exposed Structural & MPE Tightly Attached Suspended Interstitial

Exposed Exposed Structure & MPE Flat Plate, PC plank (HC) Industrial, warehouse, … Economy & ease of maintenance Timber, trusses, etc. Often for appearance Flat Plate, PC plank (HC) Painted - hotels & apartments Minimal MPE services in ceiling Economy and reduces story height

Exposed Structure Ceiling “Joint” Preparation for Sprayed on Textured Ceiling Textured Ceiling

Exposed Timber & MPE Services @ a Ski Lodge

Tightly Attached Attached directly to joists or slabs Special arrangements / accommodations for: Structural members (beams, girders) MPE systems

Suspended Ceilings Suspended from the Structure Generally by wires Materials: drywall, plaster, fibrous (acoustic) Structure Ceiling Plenum space Support Wires for ducts, pipes, conduit ... Support System Metal Framing Furring Channels “Metal Grid Suspended Ceiling Drywall Plaster Acoustic (incombustible fibers)

Suspended Plaster Ceiling (note the delamination of the finish coat)

Acoustic “Lay-in Panels” Exposed Metal Grid 2x2 or 2x4 Lay-in Panels MPE “sized” to fit grid or cut into the acoustic tile Economical

Acoustical Ceiling Grid Systems “Difficult” to access Main Runners Provide Main Ceiling Support Generally 4’ o.c. Attached to “Hangers” Additional hangers may be required to support MPE “loads” Cross Tees Intermediate Support “Rest”/ attach to Mains Spacing depends on tile Wall Angle Attaches to wall

“Recessed” Grid Diffuser sized 2x2 (also can be Flush, …) Ceiling mounted - lights, sprinkler, smoke detector, communication Multiple Tile Finishes Available Diffuser sized 2x2

Common Support Grid Profile

Fire Resistant Membrane Suspended Ceiling used as a Fire Resistant Membrane Combination Light/Diffuser The Integrity of the Fire Resistant Rating Must be Maintained at the Ceiling Penetrations

Suspended Acoustic Ceiling with a Gypsum ‘Fire’ Ceiling Above

Interstitial Ceilings Common with elaborate MPE systems Hospitals & laboratories Purpose: Accommodate extensive MPE systems Provide access for maintenance & updating services

Finish Flooring Functions & Considerations Visual Acoustics Light Wearing Surface Considerations Life / durability Skid resistance Sanitation Noise Fire (resistance, combustibility) Other (conductivity,..)

Under-floor Services Distribution of electrical /communications Methods Conduit Cellular Raceways Cellular Decking Raised Flooring

Under-floor Electrical Services Placed in the concrete slab

Reducing Noise Transmission Use of a Soft material Padded carpet Cushioned resilient flooring Resilient underlayment Selection of surrounding material Dense ceiling material below (plaster, drywall) Mount ceiling on resilient clips or spring hangers

Skid & Fire Resistance Skid Resistance Flame Resistance Measure by its static coefficient of friction (SCOF) Skid resistance – desirable to minimize slipping Flame Resistance Most flooring required to meet minimum criteria Exit corridors typically have higher requirements

Hard Flooring Materials Resistant to: Wear Moisture Noisy -conduct sound Types Concrete, stone, brick, tile, terrazzo

Concrete Flooring Advantages Common Uses Low initial cost Durable Parking decks Warehouses Industrial

Exposed Concrete with a pattern & tinting

Stone Types Installation Marble Granite Slate Sandstone, … Setting Bed Grouted joints

Marble

Granite

Bricks & Brick Pavers Typically laid on face (but can be laid on edge) Often with a setting bed With Grouted Joints Without Grouted Joints

Paver Patterns

Quarry Tile Fired Clay tiles Multiple shapes/sizes Installation Setting Bed (typical) Thin Set Grout Joints

Ceramic Tile Fired Clay Often Glazed Finish Floors & Walls Multiple sizes & colors, smaller tiles shipped with backing sheets

Laying Ceramic Tile Reinforced ‘Mesh’ Bridge Cracks in Floor

Applying Adhesive with a Notched Trowel

Spacers Being Installed

Tile Placement

Cutting Tile

Small tile shipped with backing sheet

Decorative Ceramic Tile

Terrazzo Ground/polished concrete Typ. granite or marble chips w/ colored cement Divider strips At changes in color/texture, expansion/contraction

Brass Divider Strips

Wood Flooring Materials Types white & red oak, pecan, maple, pine, …. Types Wood Strip Flooring - blind nailed Square edge - fasteners visible (or filled) Parquet Pre-finished or finished in-place (except parquet)

Blind Nailed Strip Flooring

Multiple Floor Finishes wood, tile, & carpet

Resilient Flooring Vinyl Composition Thin (1/8”), rolls or tiles (VCT) Will show substrate irregularities Multiple colors & patterns Low cost, moderate durability Installation - glued

Carpet Multiple styles, colors, … Indoor and Outdoor Installation Glued directly to substrate, or Pad & tackless strip

Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo Edge Strip Glued Carpet abutting Terrazzo

Sustainability in Floors and Ceilings Indoor air quality: problems often caused by finish materials and coatings ( glues, binders, fabrics, etc.) Mold & Mildew: can be a problem in carpets, wall coverings, & fabrics Vinyl common in finishes: manufacture of vinyl releases significant amounts of air pollution Recycling of interior materials in its infancy