2. WOOD LIGHT FRAME CONSTRUCTION
CLASS DAY 10 - CHAPTER 7
INTERIOR FINISHES FOR
WOOD LIGHT FRAME CONSTRUCTION

3. Interior Construction Sequence
After the floor platform (concrete or wood) is completed, and exterior walls, sheathing, roof structure and decking is in place, the building is “in the dry”, meaning if it rains one can still work inside.
Interior Partition Framing is done simultaneously with exterior walls if the building is wood frame.
If the building has masonry exterior walls, and/or is steel frame, the interior framing does not happen until the building is “in the dry.”
Interior Partition Framing
SOME MAY BE ALSO STRUCTURAL FRAMING
Rough-in (& MPE Equipment)
Code Compliance Inspection
PRIOR TO COVERING UP
Thermal Insulation
PRIOR TO WALL AND CEILING FINISHES (UNLESS BLOWN IN)
Ceiling & Wall Materials
Interior Millwork, Interior Finishes
WALLS
FLOORS
MPE Fixtures, Devices, Trim, & Appliances
SOFT FLOORING

4. Sequence of Interior Construction, continued
Rough-in: Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, and special.
Thermal Insulation & Vapor Barrier installed
Code Compliance Inspection by building official
Ceiling & Wall Materials installed
Interior Millwork, Interior Finishes, doors, cabinets
MPE Fixtures, Devices, Trim, Appliances, & Finish

5. Copper Water Piping (joints)
Waste/Vent Piping
WC Rough in
Copper Water Piping (joints)
Why not PVC?
Pipe Insulation

6. PVC Pipe
PVC Pipe - Joints “Glued”

7. Cast Iron Piping

8. Vent Pipe
Plumbing Chase
Why “Stack” Plumbing Fixtures?

9. Insulated “Flex” Duct

10. Rare in Residential Construction
Sprinkler Pipe
Rare in Residential Construction
Insulation
Flexible Duct
Duct Anchorage

11. Round Duct

12. Rectangular Ductwork

13. Isolation Pad
Isolation Joint

14. Electrical Rough in

16. Electrical rough in using flexible metal conduits

17. Blocking in Frame Wall to Support Wall Attachments
Materials
Wood
Sheet Metal

18. More Blocking

19. Metal shield to prevent nails
From being driven into
Plumbing pipes

20. Sealant around pipes to prevent smoke migration
From passing through wall space

21. THERMAL INSULATION Purpose is to slow the passage of heat flow
Common insulating materials are spun glass fibers and rock mineral
Installation is in interstitial space between outside & inside
R-Values are the resistance to the number of BTUs that will travel through a material of given area in a given time period.
Purpose
RETARDS THE PASSAGE OF HEAT - THERMAL TRANSMISSION
OCCUPANTS MORE COMFORTABLE
LOWERS UTILITY COSTS
Materials
MOST COMMON
BATT OR BLANKET (GLASS WOOL)
BETWEEN STUDS (FRICTION, STAPLED)
LOOSE FILL (GLASS OR ROCK WOOL)
BLOWN IN
RIGID BOARD - POLYSTYRENE
APPLIED OVER FRAMING,
Installation
R-Values
RESISTANCE TO HEAT FLOW
LARGER R - GREATER RESISTANCE
MINIMUN REQUIREMENTS PER CODE
LIMITED BY THE THICKNESS OF STUDS, UNLESS ADD’L APPLIED ON THE OUTSIDE OR INSIDE – A primary reason more and more 2x6 studs are being used.

22. Vapor Barrier installed
On warm side of insulation
Insulation in Interior Wall
Space to prevent sound
transmission
Exterior Wall

23. Vapor Barriers on Insulation
Insulation can be purchased with or without a vapor barrier.
The purpose is to prevent condensation from forming on materials due to moisture in the air and temperature differential.
Materials are treated paper, plastic, and aluminum foil
Installation is always on the warm side of the insulation.
Purpose
PREVENT WATER VAPOR FROM ENTERING THE INSULATION AND CONDENSING INTO LIQUID
Materials
METAL FOIL
PLASTIC
TREATED PAPER
ON THE INSULATON OR AFTER (FULL SHTS)
Installation
VAPOR RETARDER typically PLACED ON THE WARM (INSIDE) SIDE

24. Radiant Barriers are used to reduce the flow of solar heat from infrared and Ultraviolet radiation by reflection.
Wall sheathing faced with white plastic or aluminum foil on the outer surface reflect UVs and Infrared.
Reflective barriers also include a material called “house wrap”, which not only reflects but provides a barrier to air infiltration due to wind.

25. Wall & Ceiling Finish Ceilings:
Drywall, with textured and painted surface, sometimes acoustic spray.
Plaster once was the norm, but now is rarely used because of labor cost.
Walls:
Drywall, with a variety of attached material, such as texture & paint, wallpaper, vinyl fabric, paneling, tile.
Plaster
Not often used
CEMENTITIOUS TWO - THREE COAT SYSTEM
LABOR INTENSIVE
COSTLY
LARGELY REPLACED BY DRYWALL
Gypsum Drywall
LOWER COST
QUICKER INSTALLATION
LESS SKILLED CRAFTSMAN NEEDED
GYPSUM WRAPPED WITH PAPER
Veneer Plaster

26. GYPSUM DRYWALL - STACKED

27. Beveled Joints

28. DRYWALL MATERIALS
Corner bead
Joint Reinforcing Tape
Joint Compound
Joint Tape Applied

29. Drywall Joints are first taped with a 2” wide paper made
for the purpose and set
smoothly into a water
soluble joint compound.
Finishing Operations & Materials/Equipment
Taped joints are “floated”
With a bedding compound
And toweled smooth, then
Sanded to conceal all joints
And fasteners.

30. Applying Joint Compound

31. Sanding

32. INTERIOR DOORS Decorative panel doors are available in a variety
of natural wood, plastic,
or metal.
Materials
Interior Doors
Panel
PANELS W/ SIDE STILES AND T/B RAILS
DEVELOPED TO MIM\NIMIZE CHANGES AND DISTORTION DUE TO CHANGES IN MOISTURE CONTENT
Flush
COME IN A VARIETY OF VENEERS
TWO TYPES
Solid Core
TWO VENEERED FACES W/ CORE OF WOOD BLOCKS OR BONDED WOOD CHIPS
HEAVY, STRONGER, RESIST SOUND BETTER THAN HOLLOW CAORE
USES; ENTRY DOORS AND COMMERICIAL
Hollow Core - TWO FACE VENEERS BONDED TO WOOD OR
PAPERBOARD SPACERS
Prehung - HINGED AND FITTED TO FRAMES AT THE FACTORY
Casings - BUILT IN PLACE OR COME W/ PREHUNG (ALSO “SPLIT
JAMBS)
Flush type doors are
Available in a variety of
Natural wood veneers
or pressed wood, and are
Made with either a solid
Core or hollow core as
The need dictates.

33. FLUSH TYPE DOORS Face Veneers Core “Solid” Hollow Core Edge Strips
Wood
Laminate
Core “Solid”
Composite
Wood Blocking
Hollow Core
Veneer supported
By cardboard or
Wood.
Edge Strips
FLUSH TYPE DOORS
Solid Core
Hollow Core

34. DOOR INSTALLATION Split Jamb
“Pre-Hung” - hinged and fitted to the frames at the factory

35. Counter tops and Special Surfaces
Ceramic Tile and Special Finishes
Hard tile floors & counters
Showers
Hard tile wainscot
Millwork and Finish Carpentry
Door and window casings and trim
Cabinets and built in millwork
Painting, Staining, & Sealers
Application of opaque and transparent finishes
Counter tops and Special Surfaces
Window Casings
MUCH THE SAME AS DOORS
PLACED INTO ROUGH OPENING
TRIMMED OUT
Baseboards
BASE FOR SHORT
AT THE JUNCTURE OF THE WALL AND THE FLOOR
PROTECT THE BOTTOM OF THE WALL AND CLOSE ANY GAP AT THE BASE OF THE WALL
FASTENERS - FINISH NAILS TO THE FRAMING
Cabinets
CONSTRUCTED AT A CABINETRY SHOP AND BROUGHT TO THE PROJECT
TOPS INSTALL AT THE PROJECT

36. Plumbing Finish Electrical Finish HVAC Finish
Install plumbing finish piping, faucets, & valves
Install plumbing fixtures
Install vents
Electrical Finish
Install lighting fixtures and switches
Install receptacles and special outlets
Make equipment connections
HVAC Finish
Install heating and air conditioning equipment
Install air supply registers and return air grilles
Thermostats and filters
Plumbing Fixtures
WATER CLOSETS
SINKS
SHOWERS & TUBS
Electrical Fixtures, Devices & Trim
LIGHT FIXTURES
DUPLEX, SWITCHES
COVER PLATES
HVAC Trim
GRILLS & REGISTERS

37. RESILIENT FLOORING
Resilient flooring is material such as vinyl composition tile, vinyl tile, or sheet vinyl.
It is a material that must be glued down at the proper temperature, then protected from construction traffic.

38. WOOD FLOORING Pre finished wood flooring is another material
that must be protected from construction
traffic.
Unfinished hardwood flooring can be
installed early, then finished as one of
the last steps.
Types of wood flooring include blind
nailed tongue &
grooved, square
edge, or wood
tiles such as parquet.

39. CARPET
Carpet is a final material that should not be installed until last – for obvious reasons.
There are two types of carpet, based on the method of installation.
Stretch carpet is placed over a resilient pad and held in place
with barbed strips fastened to
the floor.
So called, ‘commercial carpet’
is a very tight weave material,
and is installed with a mastic adhesive troweled on the floor.

40. Many of the processes of finish within a project overlap in the time frame in which they are installed.
But every consideration must be given and demanded by the Architect to guard against damage of one material for the sake of another.
Finish surfaces should never be done prior to other trades that could cause damage, without adequate protection to the materials.
The General Conditions of the Contract for any project will state that damage done to adjacent finish shall be paid for by the trade responsible for the damage.