1. 8. INTERIOR FINISHES FOR WOOD LIGHT FRAME CONSTRUCTION

2. 8.1 INTERIOR FINISHING OPERATIONS FOR WOOD LIGHT FRAME CONSTRUCTIONS - OVERVIEW
8.1 INTERIOR FINISHING OPERATIONS FOR WOOD LIGHT FRAME CONSTRUCTION - OVERVIEW
8.2 INTERIOR FINISHING OPERATIONS
8.3 THERMAL INSULATIONS AND VAPOR RETARDERS
8.4 DESIGN OF FINISH STAIRS

3. Interior Construction Sequence
Interior Partition Framing
Rough-in (& Equipment)
Code Compliance Inspection
Thermal Insulation & Vapor Retarder
Building Inspection
Ceiling & Wall Materials
Interior Millwork, Interior Finishes
MPE Fixtures, Devices, Trim, & Appliances

4. Copper Water Piping (joints)
Waste/Vent Piping
WC Rough-in
Copper Water Piping (joints)
Why not PVC?
Pipe Insulation

5. Vent Pipe
Plumbing
Why “Stack” Plumbing Fixtures??

6. Insulated “Flex” Duct

7. Rare in Residential Construction
Insulation
Sprinkler Pipe
Rare in Residential Construction
WHY?
Flexible Duct
Duct Anchorage

8. Round Duct

9. Square Ductwork

10. Electrical Roughin

12. Electrical roughin using flexible metal conduits

14. Nail Protectors and Sealant to prevent smoke migration

15. 8.2 INTERIOR FINISHING OPERATIONS
After the framing carpenters and roofers finish the exterior roofing and siding of the platform frame building, they are joined by a number of building trade persons to complete the building on the inside
Plumbers begin the installation of piping - First the drain-waste-vent (DWV) pipes (larger diameter pipe) are installed since they need to have the right-of way - Second the small supply pipes, that bring hot and cold water; and gas pipes are laid - If the building is to have a hot water system, the plumbers put the boiler and instal the heating pipes and convectors - Then sheet metal workers instal the furnace and ductwork for central warm-air heating and/or air conditioning
The electricians complete the wiring of the building
After this “rough” installation, inspectors from the municipal building department check each of the installed systems for compliance with the plumbing, electrical and sheet metal codes

16. 8.2 INTERIOR FINISHING OPERATIONS (Cont’d)
Thereafter, connections are made to the external sources of water, gas, electricity and communication services, and to a means of sewage disposal (to a main sewer or a septic tank and a leaching field)
At this point, the general building inspector of the municipality is called to examine the framing, exterior finishing and insulation for compliance to the code provisions. Any deficiency found at this stage must be corrected immediately before proceeding further.
The second phase of interior finish operations start
The elaborate tangle of ‘framing members, ducts, pipes, wires and insulation’ rapidly disappears behind the finish wall and ceiling materials
The interior millwork - doors, finish stairs, railings, cabinets, shelves, closet interiors , and door and window casings - is installed by finish carpenters
Finish flooring materials are installed as late as possible to save them from damage by the passing armies of workers
Finish carpenters then install the baseboards

17. 8.2 INTERIOR FINISHING OPERATIONS (Cont’d)
Painters prime, paint, stain, varnish and paper the interior
Family the plumbers, electricians, and sheet metal workers return briefly to install the plumbing fixtures, electrical receptacles, switches, light fixtures, air grills and registers
A final round of inspection are carried out to remedy the lingering defects
Now the building is ready for occupancy

18. 8.3 THERMAL INSULATION AND VAPOR RETARDER
Thermal insulation keeps a building cooler in summer and warmer in winter by retarding the passage of heat through the exterior surfaces of the building - Keeps the occupants of the building more comfortable by moderating the temperatures of the interior surfaces of the building and reducing convective drafts - Reduces the energy consumption of the building for heating and cooling, to a fraction of what it would be without insulation
Thermal insulation is any material added to a building assembly, for the purpose of slowing thee conduction of heat through the assembly

19. Thermal Insulation
Purpose
Materials
Installation
R-Values

20. Vapor Retarder
Outside Wall

21. 8.3 THERMAL INSULATION AND VAPOR RETARDER (Cont’d)
8.3.1 Types of thermally insulating materials: Glass fiber batts (blankets) are the most popular type of insulation for wall cavities in new construction - Widely used in attic and roof insulation
(i) Batt or blanket - Glass/rock wool - R value Incombustible
(ii) High density batt - Glass wool - R value Incombustible
(iii) Loose fill - Glass/rock wool - R value Incombustible
(iv) Loose fibers with binders - Treated cellulose, glass wool - R value Incombustible
(v) Foamed-in-place - Polyurethane - R value Combustible
(vi) Foamed-in-place - Polyicynene - R value Combustible but self- extinguishing
(vii) Rigid board - Polystyrene foam- R value Combustible, but self- extinguishing
(viii) Rigid board - glass fiber - R value Incombustible
(ix) Rigid board - Cane fiber - R value Combustible - Low cost

22. 8.3 THERMAL INSULATION AND VAPOR RETARDER (Cont’d)
8.3.2 Increasing Levels of Thermal Insulation: Thicker walls, insulating sheathing materials and various schemes have been developed during the past twenty-five years - Insulation levels can be increased from R12 of a normal stud wall by using either 2x6 framing and thicker batt insulation or 2x4 framing with plastic foam sheathing in combination with batt insulation Treated wood foundations can also be insulated to high R-values - Ceiling insulation batts usually must be compressed to fit them into the diminished space under the roof sheathing
8.3.3 Radiant Barriers: In warmer regions radiant barriers are being increasingly used to reduce flow of solar heat into the building - These are thin sheets or panels faced with a bright metal foil that reflects infrared radiation; they are installed over the rafters or studs and beneath the sheathing - Effective only if the bright surface of the barrier faces a ventilated airspace. Solar heat that has passed through the outer skin of building is removed by convection; also these barriers are configured with folds that would automatically provide the ventilated airspace - Radiant barriers are used in along with conventional insulating materials to achieve the desired overall thermal performance

23. 8.3 THERMAL INSULATION AND VAPOR RETARDER (Cont’d)
8.3.4 Vapor Retarders: Vapor retarder is a membrane of metal foil, plastic, or treated paper placed on the warm side of the thermal insulation to prevent water vapor from entering the insulation and condensing into liquid; its role increases in importance as the thermal insulation levels increase - Many batt insulation materials are furnished with a vapor retarder layer of treated paper or aluminum foil already attached - Designers in cold climate prefer to use unfaced batts and apply a separate vapor retarder of polyethylene sheet, since a vapor retarder attached to batts has a seam at each stud that can leak significant quantities of air and vapor
8.3.5 Air Infiltration and Ventilation: Much attention is given to reducing the air infiltration between the indoors and outdoors, since leakage often accounts for the major portion of the fuel burned to heat the building in winter - This trend has resulted in houses and apartments that exchange so little air with the outside leading to accumulation of moisture, odors and chemical pollutants indoors - Hence air-to-air heat exchangers have been installed to recover the heat from the exhausted air from the building

24. Vapor Retarders
Purpose
Materials
Installation

25. 8.3 THERMAL INSULATION AND VAPOR RETARDER (Cont’d)
8.3.6 Airtight Drywall Approach (ADA): As an alternative to vapor retarders, airtight drywall approach has been used in buildings - It is based on the assumption that most condensation problems are caused by the air leaking out from the interior of the building to outside - Hence if all the interior joints in the gypsum (drywall) board is sealed by using compressible foam gaskets or sealants then air leakage is eliminated - In addition to providing good control of water vapor, ADA also reduces heat losses that occur because of air infiltration from the outside

26. Airtight Drywall Approach
Radiant Barriers
Used to reduce the flow of solar heat
Thin sheets of panels faced with metal foil
Reflects infrared radiation
Airtight Drywall Approach
Reduce / eliminate air infiltration
Effect:
Control the flow of water vapor
Reduce heat loss (gain) because of air infiltration

27. Gypsum Drywall - stacked

28. Joint Reinforcing Tape
Corner bead
Joint Tape Applied
Joint Compound

29. Applying Joint Compound

30. Wall & Ceiling Finish
Plaster
Gypsum Drywall
Veneer Plaster

31. Millwork & Finish Carpentry
Window Casings
Baseboards
Cabinets

32. Flooring & Hard Tiles Floor Preparation Flooring Materials
Wall Materials

33. Floor Underlayment Purpose: Materials Level Floor
Increase Fire Resistance
Reduce Sound Transmission
Materials
Poured Gypsum
Lightweight Concrete

34. Flooring & Hard Tiles Floor Preparation Flooring Materials
Wall Materials

35. Finish Flooring Functions & Considerations
Visual
Acoustics
Wearing Surface
Considerations
Life / durability
Skid resistance
Sanitation
Noise
Fire (resistance, combustibility)

36. Stone Flooring Types Installation Marble Granite Slate Sandstone, …
Setting Bed
Grouted joints

37. Marble Flooring

38. Quarry Tile Fired Clay tiles Multiple shapes/sizes Installation
Setting Bed (typical)
Thin Set
Grout Joints

39. Ceramic Tile Fired Clay - Typ. Smaller than Quarry tile
Often Glazed Finish
Floors & Walls
Multiple sizes & colors

40. Wood Flooring Materials Types
white & red oak, pecan, maple, pine, ….
Types
Wood Strip Flooring - blind nailed
“Square edge” - fasteners visible (or filled)
Parquet
Pre-finished or finished in-place (except parquet)

41. Resilient Flooring Vinyl Composition Thin (1/8”), rolls or tiles (VCT)
Will show substrate irregularities
Multiple colors & patterns
Low cost, moderate durability
Installation - glued

43. MPE Fixtures, Devices & Trim
Plumbing Fixtures
Electrical Fixtures, Devices & Trim
HVAC Trim

44. Fire Protection Methods
Codes Limit Size based upon Structural Materials
Interior Fire Construction
Rated Corridors & Exits
Firewalls / Building Partitioning
Detect Fire / Smoke
Self-Contained / Battery Powered - Alert Occupants
Hard-Wired - Alert Occupants &
Activate Life Safety Systems (HVAC) - Zones
Control Panel & Fire Department

45. Fire Protection Methods continued
Detect / Extinguish Fire - Sprinkler Systems
Components (rare in single family homes)
Distribution of appropriate pressures
Piping (vertical and horizontal)
Booster pumps (high rise)
Dispense the appropriate time
Sprinkler
Activate Life Safety & notify (flow valves/switches)

46. 8.4 DESIGN OF FINISH STAIRS
8.4.1 Finish stairs are either constructed in place or shop built; site built stairs tend to be fitted more closely to the walls - Stair treads are usually made of wear-resistant hardwoods like oak and maple, whereas the risers and stringers are made of any reasonable hardwood like oak, maple or Douglas fir
8.4.2 Proportioning of Stairs: BOCA National Building Code specifies: (a) Stairs within a residence to have a minimum width of 36”, maximum riser height of 7 3/4”, minimum tread width of 10” and a minimum headroom of 6’8”; (b) Nonresidential stair with a occupancy load of 50 persons or fewer to have a minimum width of 36”, maximum riser height of 7”, minimum tread depth of 11” and minimum headroom of 6’8”; and (c) Nonresidential stair, with a occupancy load greater than 50 persons: Minimum width of 44”, maximum height of 7”, minimum tread depth of 11” and a minimum headroom of 6’8”
8.4.3 The Design Formula is (2R + T) = 25” for indoors and (2R + T) = 26 or 27” for outdoors