1. B.E Civil Engineering (Sem-3)
Government Engineering College,Bhavnagar
B.E Civil Engineering (Sem-3)
Subject: Building construction
Topic: Flooring
Name: Enrollment No.:
Chaudhari Tejash D
Bhanshi Manilal S
Gayakwad Pravin S
Kurkutiya Naresh N
Raut Nitin R
Seta Nayan D

2. Contents Introduction Essential Requirements Of a Floor
Factors Affecting Selection Of Flooring Material
Material for Flooring Construction
Types of Ground Floors:
Types of Upper Floors: :

3. Introduction
Floors are horizontal elements of building structures which divide building into different levels for the purpose of creating more accommodation with in the restricted space, one above the other and also provide support to the occupants, furniture and equipment of a building.

4. Essential Requirements Of a Floor
The purpose of a floor is to provide a level surface capable of supporting the occupants of a building, furniture, equipment, internal partitions, etc.
To provide this function, a floor must satisfy the following requirements.
1. adequate strength and stability
2. Adequate fire resistance
3. Sound insulation
4. Thermal insulation
5. Damp resistance
6. Durability i.e. resistance to wear and decay

5. Factors Affecting Selection Of Flooring Material
The selection of flooring i.e. Floor covering should be made considering the following factors:
1. Initial cost Thermal Insulation
2. Appearance Smoothness
3. Cleanliness Hardness
4. Durability Fire resistance
5. Damp proofing Maintenance
6. Sound insulation

6. Material for Flooring Construction
Bricks
Wooden blocks

7. Stones
Concrete

8. Types of Ground Floors : Mud flooring Brick flooring
Flag-stone flooring
Concrete flooring
Granolithic flooring
Terrazzo flooring
Mosaic flooring
Marble flooring
Timber flooring
Rubber flooring :

9. Mud flooring
In a tropical country like india, mud floors are commonly constructed in villages.
They are cheap, hard, fairly, impervious, easy in construction and easy in maintenance.
They remain warm in winter and cold in summer.
The floor is maintained by giving a thin cement cow-dung wash (1 : 2 to 1 : 3) twice a week.

10. Brick flooring
This type of flooring is commonly provided in warehouse, godowns, stores or in places where heavy articles are stored
Merit:
It is hard and durable.
It is non-slippery.
It is cheaper than cement concrete.
Demerit:
1. It is absorbent.

11. Flag-stone flooring
This flooring consists of lime stones laid on concrete bedding.
The usual sizes of stone slabs are 30 cm × 30 cm, 45 cm × 45 cm, and 60 cm × 69 cm. Their thickness varies from 2 to 4 meters.
Merits:
It is easy in construction.
It is easily repairable.
Demerits:
Its usage is not comfortable.
It does not give a pleasing appearance

12. Concrete flooring
This type of flooring is commonly used in residential building as well as public building.
The construction of concrete flooring may be divided into three steps:
1. Preparation of sub-base.
2. Laying of base concrete.
3. Laying the topping.

13. Granolithic flooring
It is a finishing coat provided over the concrete surface to form a hard and durable flooring.
granolithic concrete is composed of cement, sand specially selected aggregate. The grading of aggregates is important.
For light duty floors, granolithic concrete of mix proportions as 1 : 2 : 3 (1 cement : 2 sand : 3 aggregate)

14. Terrazzo flooring
This is a composite material made up of cement and marble aggregate, it is then mixed and poured in situ onto a concrete base.
It is then ground waxed and polished. It has a mosaic look.
It can also be premade and is available in slabs or tiles.
It is very hard wearing, if it is polished or wet it is very slippery.
It is very useful in commercial situations i.e. malls and shopping centers as it is very durable and easy to clean.

15. Mosaic flooring
This is a superior type of flooring used in bathrooms and kitchens of residential buildings and in hospitals, sanatoriums and temples
Places where extra cleanliness is essential
They are laid in different sizes usually in rectangular and square shapes.
They are long lasting
They are slippery when polished

16. Marble flooring
Marble flooring is commonly provided in places of worship (temple, mosques, churches, gurudwaras etc.) and public building having rich specification.
The thickness of marble slabs varies from 20 mm to 40 mm. The flooring is laid on prepared sub-grade of concrete or on the R.C.C. Slab.
A layer of bedding mortar 1 : 4 (1 cement : 4 sand) is spread in an average thickness of about 20mm.

17. Timber flooring
Where the problems of dampness are not acute, timber floors may be supported on the ground.
Wooden blocks of sizes 20×8 cm, to 30×8 cm and thickness 2.5 to 4 cm are laid in suitable designs. To surface is polished

18. Rubber flooring
This type of flooring is not common in india, it is used in residential building as well as public building like offices , hospitals, schools etc .
It noiseless , clean and durable .
This type of flooring manufactured in the form of steel or tiles in a variety of colours.
Its thickness is less then 10mm.

19. Types of Upper floors Single joist timber floor
Double joist timber floor
R.C.C floor
Ribbed floor
Precast concrete floor

20. Single joist timber floor
They are the cheapest form of wooden floors.
They are easy in construction and are frequently used in domestic building.
These floors are constructed by fixing wooden planks about 20 to 30 mm thick to wooden joints known as ‘bridging joists’ spaced at 30 to 40 cm apart.

21. Double joists timber floor
In case the short span of the room is more then 3.66m , double type of timber floor may be constructed .
The span of double floor is restricted to 7.32m.
In this type of construction binder joists are provided across the short span at about 1.8 to 2.4 m spacing.

22. R.C.C. floor
On account of a number of advantages of the material, R.C.C. Flooring has become very popular these days.
Types of R.C.C. Floors:
1. R.C.C. slab concrete floor
2. R.C.C. beam and slab floor
3. R.C.C. flat slab floor

23. R.C.C. Slab concrete floor
For small spans, say up to 3.6m which are not subjected to heavy loadings, a simple slab may suffice.
When the l/b ratio of room is greater than 2,the slab is designed as a one way slab.
In this case, the main reinforcement is provided along the width, and distribution steel is provided along the length of the room.

24. R.C.C. Beam and slab floor
For bigger span and heavy loading, to reduce the span of floor slab, R.C.C. Beam and slab construction is provided.
The beam act as intermediate walls and the floors slab is designed as a continuous slab monolithic with the beams. The beams thus used are known as T-beams.

25. R.C.C. Flat slab floor
Flat slab, also known as beamless slab is a type of construction in which the flooring slab is directly supported on columns without beams.
They are provided in theatres, factories, mills and public buildings.
The flooring consists of R.C.C. Slab,13cm or more thickness and supported on columns forming a square or rectangular panel.

26. Ribbed floor
In this type of floors , hollows blocks of clay or concrete are used to reduce the total weight of the solid floor.
Advantages:
1. Provide better thermal insulation.
2. They have better sound proofing qualities.
3. They have better fire resistance.
4. They provide sufficient damp resistance.

27. Pre-cast concrete floor
With development of precast concrete construction technique, the precast units like floor slab, beams, lintels etc. are being successfully manufactured by various factories.
The precast units are used in the floor construction.

28. Thank you