Kinetic Theory of Matter All matter is made of atoms or molecules that act like tiny particles These tiny particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature of the substance, the faster the particles move At the same temperature, more massive particles move slower than less massive particles. 2 Things affect speed of particles Temperature Mass of Individual particles More space in between particles Has greater volume

Energy’s Role Temperature – A measure of how hot or cold something is as a result of the average kinetic energy of the particles of the object. According to the kinetic theory of matter, the higher the temperature of a substance, the faster its particles will move. Thermal(heat) Energy- The total kinetic energy of all a substance's atoms. Heat is not an average, like temperature is, it is the total kinetic energy of the particles. So if two things have an equal temperature, the one with the greater number of particles will have more heat energy in it.

Crystalline Solids have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules Amorphous Solids are composed of atoms or molecules that are in no particular order Definite SHAPE, definite VOLUME Crystalline Solids have an orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules You cannot change the amount of space a solid takes up and its shape does not change in a container

-No definite shape, but a definite volume Liquids -No definite shape, but a definite volume Fluids- ability to flow It changes its shape to fill a container. But the space it takes up does not change Viscosity- resistance of a gas or liquid to flow. This is determined by the thickness of the fluid

Gases No definite shape or volume In a container, a gas will spread out evenly and take on the shape and the volume of the container Also a fluid (has the ability to flow)

Plasma A gas that has been given enough energy to separate its atoms into positive and negative charges (ionization) Plasma composes most starts and is the most common state of matter in the universe

Freezing- liquid changes to a solid Melting- solid changes to a liquid Condensation-gas changes to a liquid Vaporization (evaporation)- liquid changes to a gas Sublimation- solid changing into a gas Deposition- gas changing into a solid Ionization- gas changing into plasma Deionization- plasma changes into gas

Exothermic changes- a chemical or physical process in which energy leaves the matter that is changing Endothermic changes- a chemical or physical process in which energy is given to the matter that is changing

Exothermic Phase Change Endothermic Phase Change

Exothermic Phase Change Endothermic Phase Change Freezing Condensation Deposition

Exothermic Phase Change Endothermic Phase Change Freezing Melting Condensation Evaporation Deposition Sublimation Law of Conservation of mass -Matter cannot be created or destroyed. It can change forms chemically and physically, but the total amount of matter in the universe is a constant