1. Chapter 3.1 notes

2. Kinetic Molecular Theory
MATTER
Solids, Liquids, & Gases
I. States of Matter
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Four States of Matter
Thermal Expansion

3. A. Kinetic Molecular Theory
KMT
Tiny, constantly moving particles make up all matter.
The kinetic energy (motion) of these particles increases as temperature increases.

4. B. Four States of Matter Solids
low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around
definite shape & volume
crystalline - repeating geometric pattern
amorphous - no pattern (e.g. glass, wax)

5. B. Four States of Matter Liquids
higher KE - particles can move around but are still close together
indefinite shape
definite volume

6. B. Four States of Matter Gases
high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container
indefinite shape & volume

7. B. Four States of Matter Plasma
very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, indefinite shape & volume
Lightning, aurora
borealis (Northern lights)

8. C. Thermal Expansion
Most matter expands when heated & contracts when cooled.
 Temp causes  KE. Particles collide with more force & spread out.
EX:

10. Thermal energy The kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms.
The more KE the atoms have, the more thermal energy the object has.
At higher temperatures, the faster the particles move.

11. Thermal Energy
Thermal energy also depends on the number of particles in a substance.
Particles in steam have more KE (higher temperature) than ocean water, but the ocean has more KE because it has the most particles.

12. Which has more thermal energy?

13. Temperature
Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
Temperature does NOT depend on how much of a substance you have.

14. Thermal energy vs Temp
Thermal energy is the total amount of KE in a matter sample.
Add up all particles with KE to get total.
Temperature is the average amount of KE in a sample.
Add all particles with KE and divide by number of particles.

15. heat vs temperature
Video 20

16. study jam video on phases of matter

17. II. Changes in State Phase Changes Heating Curves
MATTER
Solids, Liquids, & Gases
II. Changes in State
Phase Changes
Heating Curves

18. melting point = freezing point
A. Phase Changes
Melting
solid to liquid
Freezing
liquid to solid
melting point = freezing point

19. A. Phase Changes Vaporization (boiling) Evaporation Condensation
liquid to gas at the boiling point
Evaporation
liquid to gas below the boiling point
Condensation
gas to liquid

20. A. Phase Changes Sublimation solid to gas
EX: dry ice, freeze drying, iodine

21. A. Phase Changes

22. B. Heating Curves Kinetic Energy motion of particles
related to temperature
Potential Energy
space between particles
related to phase changes

23. B. Heating Curves Gas - KE  Boiling - PE  Liquid - KE 
Melting - PE 
Solid - KE 

24. B. Heating Curves Heat of Fusion
energy required to change from solid to liquid
some attractive forces are broken

25. B. Heating Curves Heat of Vaporization
energy required to change from liquid to gas
all attractive forces are broken
EX: steam burns, sweating, and… the drinking bird
HEATING CURVE

26. Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy
Mass cannot be created nor destroyed
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can be transformed or transferred to other forms of energy.