1. A. Matter can exist in four phases: Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.
II. Phases of Matter
PLASMA
A. Matter can exist in four phases: Solid, Liquid, Gas, and Plasma.

2. The Four States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

3. STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles

4. Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

5. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

6. B. Solids - Matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume.

7. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Heat

8. C. Liquids - Matter that has a definite volume, but no definite shape
C. Liquids - Matter that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. Liquids take on the shape of their container.

9. Viscosity - The resistance of a liquid to flow easily

10. STATES OF MATTER GAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Heat

11. D. Gas - Matter that has neither definite shape nor definite volume
D. Gas - Matter that has neither definite shape nor definite volume. Gas fills the available space in a container regardless of the size or shape of the container.

12. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

13. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

14. Freezing - the phase change from liquid to a solid
Freezing Point - temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to solid

15. 2. LIQUID - GAS PHASE CHANGES
Vaporization - change from liquid to gas
Evaporation - when vaporization takes place at the the surface

16. Boiling - particles inside liquid changing to gas
Boiling Point - temperature at which liquid becomes gas
Condensation - when a substance goes from gas to liquid

17. 3. SOLID - GAS PHASES CHANGES
Sublimation - a solids surface particles escape directly into the gas phase and do not go through the liquid phase
EXAMPLE: DRY ICE

18. Will everything just be a gas?
But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?

19. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Plasma is the
common state
of matter

20. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

21. Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

22. 2. Lightning

23. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

24. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

26. COLD PLASMA

27. COLD PLASMA PEN

28. Phase Change Diagram

29. Melting- Solid to Liquid
Melting is the changing of a solid to a liquid when the substance absorbs heat energy.
Melting Point
Water ° C.
Table salt ° C.
Diamond ° C.

30. Water Phase Change Graph

31. Phase Change Graph