Ottoman, safavid, and Mughal empires

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Presentation transcript:

Ottoman, safavid, and Mughal empires

Ottomans Original power base – NW Turkey Expanded west into Byzantine Empire, Balkans Captured Constantinople in 1453 – renamed Istanbul

The Ottomans were Muslim Brought much of the Muslim territory in Southwest Asia and North Africa under their rule. Islamic religion was used as a unifying force Accepted other religions

Ottoman Cannon

Want the Hagia Sophia to become a mosque Just add minarets.

Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Arabia all brought under Ottoman control (use of janissaries) Siege of Vienna failed twice – limiting Ottoman expansion into Europe

Ottoman Rule Sultan was hereditary monarch Extensive bureaucracy established (viziers, pashas, etc) Sharia law applied to Ottoman domains (ulema) Religiously tolerant, but non-Muslims paid jizya

Suleyman the Magnificent Led the expansion of the Ottoman Empire The Lawgiver created a law code to handle both criminal and civil actions Simplified the tax system and reduced government bureaucracy.

Decline Began in 1700 Problem of overexpansion Bureaucracy became corrupt Sultans became isolated Failure to respond to challenge of Europeans Struggled on until broken up by Euros in 1923

SAFAVID EMPIRE

SAFAVIDS Founded by (Shah) Ismail Safavi in 1501 Shi’a, not Sunni Empire reached apex under Shah Abbas New capital established in Isfahan

Isfahan, Iran

All challenges to Shia Islam suppressed Benefitted as a crossroad of trade Declined after 1629- succession problems Afghans took Isfahan -1726 (religious and secular power remained separate)

MUGHAL EMPIRE

Mughals 1526-1857 Descendants of the Mongols Empire founded by Babur in 1526 Akbar brought most of India under his rule. Married a Rajput Ended jizya Urdu became official language Art and architecture flourished.

Mughal Accomplishments The Mughals made many advancements is the areas of Art, Architecture, and Literature/1 Art: Textiles made from cotton Architecture – the Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal Mausoleum in India Built by Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favorite wife, Mumatz Mahal. 22 years to complete 1,000 elephants 20,000 laborers

TAJ MAHAL

Trade with Europeans Portugal, England, and the Netherlands want Mughal textiles They competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian subcontinent.

Decline Delhi sacked by Persians in 1739 Mughal Empire continued in name only British influence increasingly important after 1750