Ohio Learning Standard #9 Industrialization had social, political & economic effects on Western Europe and the world

Economic Catalyst = Competition

Mercantilism C_________ = sources of raw materials and marketplace for manufactured goods Deposits of coal & iron = essential for industry Iron works (Foundries) & T_______ mills (Fabrics) Steel - Cotton & Wool Rapid Urbanization in many major European cities … but especially in Britain & Germany

Britain compared to US States … California Texas

Britain compared to … India China

Industrial Revolution * Creates shift to machine power (S______ engines) factories, specialized labor & M_____ P________ * Agrarian societies become more Industrialized as populations shift from Rural to Urban (Jobs)

Manufacturing Better systems of Transportation & In_________ (banking/stocks) = C__________ Cost-effective methods of production led to rise mechanization & factories Increase volume/variety of manufactured goods … Standard of Living for more = PR______

Steam & Steel Engine first used to pump water out of mines … later used to power machinery, ships, & locomotives Henry Bessemer develops process for mass-producing steel (injecting air)… becomes an essential building material for machines, ships, & buildings

British take Industrial lead Demand for goods increased because of innovation … leading to increased productivity = Mechanized … requiring less labor  further reducing costs per unit … Increases Profits / Investment Ex: Production of iron/steel - using charcoal-fired furnace

Major Turning Point in History … Almost every aspect of daily life influenced: Electricity (generators, hydro-power, coal-fired) … uses in homes, cities, factories, transportation Telegraph & Telephone … on to Radio Waves Internal combustion engines (Gas & Diesel) … use in cars, trucks, trains, ships, airplanes

Toward Worldwide Economy Industrial production grew at rapidly in many nations: - especially Consumer goods (food, clothes, tools, furniture) Mass Production through use of Assembly Lines Reduced transportation costs (RRs & Ships) Department Stores sprang up in cities ordering goods by mail (catalogs)

Conditions of Life - significant increase in worker wages Living conditions during industrial revolution is controversial … often causing heated debates among historians - per-capita (person) economic growth - average income & living standard growth for majority of population - significant increase in worker wages - millions of urban poor suffering in severe living standards - child labor was commonplace (even as early as 9 years old)

Poor Working/Living Conditions U_____ areas were prime for factories - concentrated labor supply & adequate water Cities unable to keep pace with arriving workers - resulting in overcrowded housing & unsanitary living conditions = T__________

No AFLAC Today - governments typically make Laws & R___________ saying employers have to provide safer working conditions and a “l_______ w_____” for employees Industrial Revolution none of these laws existed - so working in a factory proved very dangerous … and there was no Workman’s Compensation! … Life Expectancy rates dropped Dramatically!