Carbonyl Compounds 1.5 Aldehydes and Ketones Contain C—O double bond. Include many classes of compounds.

Aldehydes and Ketones In an aldehyde, an H atom is attached to a carbonyl group O carbonyl group  CH3-C-H In a ketone, two carbon groups are attached to a carbonyl group CH3-C-CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

Naming Aldehydes IUPAC Replace the -e in the alkane name -al Common Add aldehyde to the prefixes O O O    H-C-H CH3-C-H CH3CH2C-H methanal ethanal propanal (formaldehyde) Aldehydes are formed by the oxidation of primary alcohols LecturePLUS Timberlake

Aldehydes as Flavorings LecturePLUS Timberlake

Glucose is an aldehyde LecturePLUS Timberlake

Naming Ketones In the IUPAC name, the -e in the alkane name is replaced with –one They are formed by the oxidation of secondary alcohols In the common name, add the word ketone after naming the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group O O   CH3 -C-CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CH3 Propanone Butanone LecturePLUS Timberlake

Ketones O O   Butter flavor CH3-C-C-CH3 butanedione O  Clove flavor CH3-C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 heptan-2-one LecturePLUS Timberlake

Ketones as Hormones LecturePLUS Timberlake

Learning Check AK 1 Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2) or neither(3). O  A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. CH3-O-CH3 CH3 O C. CH3-C-CH2CH D. CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

Solution AK 1 Classify each as an aldehyde (1), ketone (2) or neither(3). O  A. CH3CH2CCH3 2 B. CH3-O-CH3 3 CH3 O C. CH3-C-CH2CH 1 D. 2 CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

Learning Check AK 2 Name the following O A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. CH3 O  A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. CH3 O C. CH3-C-CH2CH CH3 LecturePLUS Timberlake

Solution AK 2 O A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. butanone CH3 O C. CH3-C-CH2CH  A. CH3CH2CCH3 B. butanone CH3 O C. CH3-C-CH2CH cyclohexanone CH3 2,2-dimethylbutanal LecturePLUS Timberlake

Learning Check AK 3 Draw the structural formulas for each: A. 3-Methylpentanal B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal C. 3-Methylbutan-2-one LecturePLUS Timberlake