1. Ch 10.5 Functional Groups

2. Definition Functional Groups Have specific name/formula/structure Carry out specific Rx Have specific characteristics a)If they contain O, S, N: makes molecule polar, higher MP/BP, soluble in water, liquid/solid at RT b)If they contain C and H only: makes molecule non-polar, low MP/BP, soluble in organic solvents, gases at RT

3. Alk-anes, enes, ynes Hydrocarbons with single, double, triple bonds C-C or C=C or C=C Caution: add enough Hydrogen to fill remaining covalent bonds CH3-CH3 or CH2=CH2 or CH=CH

4. Aromatic HC Molecules containing Benzene rings substituent called Phenyl

5. Alcohols Contain hydroxyl group - OH Example: Ethanol

6. Ethers Oxygen bridge in a carbon skeleton C-O-C Example: Diethyl ether

7. Aldehyde Contain Carbonyl group: O double bonded to Carbon C=O located at the end of Carbon skeleton Example: Propanal

8. Ketone Carbonyl at a center Carbon Example: Propanone

9. Amine Contains Nitrogen Three different types of amines Primary – NH2 attached to 1 C and two H Secondary C-NH-C attached to two C and one H Tertiary C-N-C attached to three C, no H! C Raises pH of a solution

10. Carboxylic Acids Carboxyl =Alcohol and Carbonyl group at the same carbon Lowers pH of solution! Example: Ethanoic Acid

11. Ester Carboxylic Acid in the center of a molecule Ethyl ethanoate

12. Amide Like Carboxyl group, OH replaced by NH2 Ethanamide

13. Thiol Thiol group -SH Ethane thiol