1. Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules
14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones

2. Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes and Ketones
A carbonyl group,
in an aldehyde, is attached to at least one H atom
in a ketone, is attached to two carbon groups

3. Guide to Naming Aldehydes

4. Naming Aldehydes An aldehyde
has an IUPAC name in which the e in the alkane name is changed to al
has a common name for the first four aldehydes that use the prefixes form- (1C), acet- (2C), propion- (3C), and butyr- (4C), followed by -aldehyde

5. Names of Some Typical Aldehydes

6. Aldehydes in Flavorings
Several naturally occurring aldehydes are used as flavorings for foods and fragrances.
Benzaldehyde
(almonds)
Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon)

7. Naming Ketones Ketones are named
in the IUPAC system by replacing the e in the alkane name with one; the carbonyl carbon is indicated by a number
with a common name by indicating the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group in alphabetical order
followed by ketone.

8. Guide to Naming Ketones

9. Ketones in Common Use
Butter flavoring
Solvent: nail polish remover (acetone, propanone, dimethylketone)

10. Learning Check Classify each as an 1) aldehyde or 2) ketone. A. C. B.

11. Solution Classify each as an 1) aldehyde or 2) ketone. A. C. B. D.

12. Learning Check Classify each as an 1) aldehyde, 2) ketone, 3) alcohol,
or 4) ether.
B. CH3─O─CH3 A. D. C.

13. Solution A. B. CH3─O─CH3 1) ketone 4) ether C. D. 3) alcohol
2) aldehyde

14. Learning Check
Name each of the following: 1. 2. 3.

15. Solution 1. Pentanal 2. 3-Chloropropanal 3. 2-Butanone;
ethyl methyl ketone

16. Learning Check
Name the following compounds: A. B. C.

17. Solution Name the following compounds: A. B.
2-Pentanone; methyl propyl ketone C.
Cyclohexanone
3,3-Dimethylbutanal

18. Learning Check Draw the condensed structural formulas for each of the
following:
A. 4-Methylpentanal
B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal
C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone

19. Solution A. 4-Methylpentanal B. 2,3-Dichloropropanal
C. 3-Methyl-2-butanone