Eukaryotic Cells Section 7-2

Cell Membrane

Types of membranes – Cell Membrane – It surrounds, protects and regulates what enters and leaves the cells body by it’s bilipid (2) (phospholipid) layer. It also contain carbohydrates and proteins that also control and regulate. 1. Selectively permeable – Allows certain materials to enter. Mostly cells. 2. Permeable – Allows anything to enter. 3. Impermeable – Allows nothing to pass.

Mitochondria – Power House, scattered throughout cell, site of chemical reactions where organic compounds are converted to ATP, has own DNA, 2 membranes.

The folds found inside the mitochondria are called Cristae, which increase the surface area inside. Since ATP is made in the mitochondria, it can be associated with great amounts of energy. Power House!!

Nucleus-center, stores hereditary information, 2 membranes called nuclear membrane. Filled with protein rich substance called Nucleoplasm, has nuclear pores in the envelope for passage of material. Nucleolus produces RNA and ribosome.

ER – Endoplasmic Reticulum Transportation highway, smooth and rough ER, ribbon like passage ways carry proteins and other materials around the cell.

Vacuoles – fluid-filled organelle that stores enzymes or metabolic wastes. Contractile Vacuoles - release excess water from unicellular organisms.

Cytoplasm The area found between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane. The material inside is called the cytosol.

Ribosomes – made of 2 organic compounds, protein and RNA which aid in protein synthesis. Found floating free, proteins stay inside cell or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, proteins leave cell.

Golgi Body– package, processes and modifies proteins and other materials and send them to other parts of the cell (Post Office)

Lysosome’s – enclose enzymes that digest or breaks-down old organelles (lysol cleaner) found only in animal cells

Chloroplasts structure that captures energy from the sun and converts it to food energy. Contains Chlorophyll pigment for photosynthesis. Has 2 membranes and it’s own DNA.

Thylakoid membrane Membrane found in chloroplast, and contains chlorophyll.

Flagella and Cilia – hair-like structures which assist in the movement of the cell. Cilia is short, aid in movement, movement of materials and feeding.

Cytoskeleton 1. Maintains cells shape and participates in the movement of organelles in the cell. A. 2 major components 1. Microfilaments – protein threads that aid in cells movement and in muscle contraction. 2. Microtubules – spindle fibers which move chromosomes and aid in cell division.

Cytoskeleton

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Animal Cell

Plant cell 3 additional structures A. Cell wall- outside the cell membrane, 2 layers (bi-lipid layer) primary and secondary. B. Central (large) vacuoles

C. Plastids – group of organelles, 2 membranes, contain DNA, some store fat, other contain pigments. Chloroplast is an example of an organelle that is considered a plastid. It contains chlorophyll the pigment for photosynthesis

Plant Cell