Confronting Genocide: Never Again?

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Presentation transcript:

Confronting Genocide: Never Again? The Choices for the 21st Century Education Program, Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University.

Part One: Defining Genocide According to the United Nations Genocide Convention, genocide is a coordinated plan to destroy a national, ethnic, racial or religious group by killing, causing serious harm, inflicting conditions designed to bring about its destruction, preventing births within the group, or removing children from the group.

A. World War One Raphael Lemkin and the term “genocide” The international community World War One The failure of the League of Nations The 1933 Madrid Conference

B. World War Two and the Cold War How did World War Two change the international community? The Nuremberg trials The United Nations Genocide Convention (1948)

How did the Cold War affect the role of the United Nations? What was the reaction in the United States to the Genocide Convention?

C. After the Cold War The future of international cooperation Events that have indicated a change in the international attitude toward state sovereignty The United States and the International Criminal Court

Part Two: Case Studies Throughout the last hundred years the attempted extermination of an entire group has occurred time after time. Despite widespread acknowledgement that genocide should not and will not be tolerated, the United States and the rest of the world have struggled to respond for a variety of reasons.

A. The Armenian Genocide Origins of the Turkish-Armenian conflict How was genocide committed? The response of the international community

B. The Nazi Holocaust Origins of the Nazi persecution of Jews Hitler and his “Final Solution” The world response

C. The Cambodian Genocide Origins of the Cambodian genocide The Khmer Rouge and the Cambodian genocide The world response

D. The Bosnian Genocide Origins of Yugoslavia’s unrest The targets of the Bosnian genocide The world response

E. The Rwandan Genocide Origins of the Tutsi-Hutu conflict How was the Rwandan genocide carried out? The international response

F. The Sudanese Genocide Origins of the conflict in Sudan The genocide in Darfur The international response

Part Three: Individuals of Conscience Armenia – Ambassador Henry Morgenthau, Sr. The Holocaust – Paster Martin Niemoller Cambodia – Dith Pran and Sydney Schanberg Bosnia – State Department resignations Rwanda – Alison Des Forges and Romeo Dallaire

Part Four: Potential U.S. Responses Option 1: LEAD THE WORLD IN THE FIGHT TO STOP GENOCIDE Option 2: STAND WITH THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY AGAINST GENOCIDE Option 3: SPEAK OUT, BUT PRESERVE STATE SOVEREIGNTY Option 4: INTERVENE ONLY WHEN U.S. INTERESTS ARE DIRECTLY THREATENED