2. The Age of Genocide Worse Than War
“We will never learn from crimes from the past, instead we will use them as blueprints for the future.”

3. A crime that was without a name…
“We are in the presence of a crime without a name.”
- Winston Churchill describing the brutality of the German forces occupying USSR, 1941.

4. “More than 100 million innocent people were systematically murdered in the past 100 years – this is the century of mass murder.”

5. “In sheer numbers, these and other killings make the 20th century the bloodiest period in human history.”
“There have been more deaths than all the combat deaths in all the wars of the 20th Century.”

6. Genocide geno = meaning race/tribe/family cide = meaning killing/to kill
The word genocide was coined in the midst of the Holocaust by Raphael Lemkin.

7. The 1948 U.N. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defined genocide as:
Acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, gendered, or religious group

8. 20th + 21st Century Genocides
With the definition of genocide in mind, try to list/brainstorm as many 20th Century (1900s) + 21 Century (2000s) genocides as you can.

9. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The First Nations of Canada Genocide
1600s/1800s-Present
Death toll: Population declined 80-90% in the first 100 years, death in the millions

10. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Native Americans of USA Genocide
1492-Present
Death toll: Population declined 80-90% in the first 100 years, death in the millions

11. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Tibetan Genocide
1949-Present
Death toll: Over 1 million

12. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
Communist China’s Land Reforms (Great Leap Forward + Cultural Revolution)
Early 1950s +
Death toll: Over 5 million

13. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Herero Genocide/Namibian Genocide
Death toll: 60,000 (3/4 of the population)

14. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Armenian Genocide
Death toll: Up to million

15. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Ukrainian Famine/Holodomor (USSR)
Death toll: 7+ million

16. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
Soviet Union Political Executions/Labour Camps
Death toll: 20+ million

17. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
Stalin’s Collectivization and Industrial Policies
1930s +
Death toll: 4+ million

18. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Nanking Massacre/Rape of Nanking
Death toll: 300,000+ (50% of the population)

19. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Holocaust
Death toll: 6+ million Jews, and 11+ million of others including Poles, Roma, homosexuals, and the physically and mentally handicapped

20. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Cambodian Genocide (Khmer Rouge)
Death toll: 2+ million

21. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Timor-Leste (East Timor) Genocide
Death toll: 120,000+ (20% of the population)

22. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Mayan Genocide/Guatemalan Genocide
Death toll: 200,000+

23. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
Iraq/The Kurdish Genocide
1988
Death toll: 50, ,000+

24. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Bosnian Genocide
Death toll: 8,000+

25. Major Genocides of the 20th + 21st Century (not a complete list)
The Rwandan Genocide
1994
Death toll: 800,000+ (in 3 months)

26. Major Genocides of the 20th/21st Century (not a complete list)
The Darfur Genocide (Sudan)
North Sudan
2003-Present
Death toll: debated = 100,000? 300,000? 500,000?

27. Major Genocides of the 20th/21st Century (not a complete list)
The Rohingya Genocide
Myanmar
2016-Present
Death toll: debated/unknown + 600,000+ fled

28. GENOCIDE Happens everywhere and to any type of person.
Genocide is often understood as worse than war.

29. GENOCIDE
Genocide is a process that develops in ten stages that are predictable, but not inexorable.
At each stage, preventive measures can stop it.

30. THE STAGES OF GENOCIDE Classification Symbolization Discrimination
Dehumanization
Organization
Polarization
Preparation
Persecution
Extermination
Denial
There are TEN stages of genocide according to Dr. Gregory Stanton:

31. GENOCIDE
Perpetrator = a person who perpetrates, or commits, an illegal, criminal, or evil act.
Victim = a person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action.
Bystander = a person who, although present at some event, does not take part in it; an observer or spectator.

32. WHY GENOCIDE? Reasons for Genocide: Choice
Leaders choose to initiate killing
People choose to participate
Those who have the power to stop it choose to do nothing
If it happed in our country we would not accept it; apparently different if it happened elsewhere; not in national interests/do not care

33. WHY GENOCIDE? Reasons for Genocide: Leaders
The decision to begin a genocide is the decision of the leader or a small group of leaders = it is a choice to maintain their political goals
Genocides are mutinously planned not spontaneous
The people committing these atrocities are not crazed – they know, feel that they are right, and act (they are conscious/sane)

34. WHY GENOCIDE? Reasons for Genocide: Elimination
It is about the elimination of a targeted group not about killing
Genocide is part of a larger phenomenon - eliminationism

35. WHY GENOCIDE? Reasons for Genocide: Non-Human
The targeted people are seen as less worthy, less than human
Because the instigators of genocide do not see the human in the other it is possible to kill; they kill with zeal because they see the others as a threat/as dangerous

36. WHY GENOCIDE? Reasons for Genocide: Prejudice
Tap into pre-existing prejudice = state that these people are threats + are non-human
Technology is not needed to kill = it is the will not the way

37. WHY GENOCIDE? Reasons for Genocide: Cruelty
Cruelty is at the heart of Genocide
Brutally far exceeds the need to kill the targeted people
Overkill = killing in excess – women and children especially targets
Rape is a component of genocide = getting rid of a particular group

38. Genocide is preventable
PREVENT GENOCIDE
Genocide is preventable
Remember and acknowledge the deaths from genocides and understand that democracy dies if you do not work for it
Be on the alert

39. PREVENT GENOCIDE
Gain the knowledge = with the knowledge you have the responsibility/obligation as a human being to act, speak, and mobilize the international community to stop genocide!
Have hope and react!

40. WHY TEACH ABOUT GENOCIDE? Discuss