Kingdoms & Domains Chapter 18-3 http://analyzer.depaul.edu/astrobiology/kingdoms.jpg

As we discovered more about the natural world… not all organisms fit into Linnaeus’s 2 kingdoms (_____ or _____) plant animal bacteria fungi Ex: _________ _____ Images from: http://www.leighday.co.uk/upload/public/docImages/6/Listeria%20bacteria.jpg http://danny.oz.au/travel/iceland/p/3571-fungi.jpg

_______________________ FIVE ORIGINAL KINGDOMS (BACTERIA) http://analyzer.depaul.edu/astrobiology/kingdoms.jpg

6 KINGDOMS used today As we learned more about bacteria, the __________ kingdom was split into TWO distinct kingdoms ___________ & ______________ MONERA Eubacteria Archaebacteria 6 KINGDOMS used today Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

THREE-DOMAIN system Molecular analyses have given rise to a ___________ _______ now recognized = _______ new taxonomic category DOMAIN

Domains are larger than Kingdoms and are based on the kind of Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia Domains are larger than Kingdoms and are based on the kind of ____________ an organism has. Ribosomal RNA

6 Kingdom System Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Kidspiration by Riedell

= ____________ (Includes bacteria) REMEMBER Cell without a nucleus = ____________ (Includes bacteria) Cell with a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes = _________________ (includes plants and animals) Organism that can make its own food using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis = ______________ Organism that gets food energy from consuming other organisms = _____________ PROKARYOTE EUKARYOTE AUTOTROPH HETEROTROPH

= _____________________ REMEMBER A ONE-CELLED organism = _____________________ Organism made of many cells = ______________ Polysaccharide made by joining glucose molecules together which makes plants sturdy = _________________ UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR CELLULOSE http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/default.htm

DOMAIN: BACTERIA KINGDOM: EUBACTERIA _______________________ ______________________ Have cell walls with ________________ Can be ____________ or ______________ EXAMPLES: _____________________ PROKARYOTES UNICELLULAR PEPTIDOGLYCAN AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS E. coli, Streptococcus http://chemiris.chem.binghamton.edu/ZHONG/research/bacteria3.jpg

Polymer made of sugars and amino acids found outside the cell membrane in the cell wall in some bacteria = ______________ PEPTIDOGLYCAN http://www.scq.ubc.ca/?p=481

DOMAIN: ARCHAEA KINGDOM: ARCHAEBACTERIA PROKARYOTES _________________ Have cell walls _________ peptidoglycan Can be ___________ or ______________ EXAMPLES: _____________________ LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS like volcanic hot springs, brine pools, low oxygen UNICELLULAR WITHOUT AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS Halophiles; thermophiles;

Organisms that can live in HIGH temperature environments http://www.teara.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/737B7002-C31D-418D-84C5-D0E68ED87BBB/134228/hero6483.jpg Organisms that can live in HIGH temperature environments = ________________ Organisms that can live in high salt environments = ______________ THERMOPHILES HALOPHILES http://web0.greatbasin.net/~wigand/petespaleo/Columbus%20Salt%20Marsh.jpg

DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: PLANTAE _______________________ ______________________ Have cell walls with ________________ and _____________ _________________ EXAMPLES: _____________________ EUKARYOTES MULTICELLULAR CELLULOSE CHLOROPLASTS AUTOTROPHS Mosses, ferns, trees, flowering plants http://www.russianflora.com/store/images/product/custom_green_plant_35.jpg

DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: ANIMALIA http://www.millan.net  DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: ANIMALIA _______________________ _____________________ ________________ or _______________ __________________ EXAMPLES: _____________________ EUKARYOTES MULTICELLULAR NO CELL WALLS CHLOROPLASTS HETEROTROPHS Worms, insects, fish, birds, mammals, humans

DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: FUNGI _______________________ ______________________ Have cell walls with ________________ _______________ __________________________________ EXAMPLES: _____________________ EUKARYOTES Most MULTICELLULAR; few UNICELLULAR CHITIN HETEROTROPHS- absorb nutrients from decaying organic matter Mushrooms, yeast http://www.ontarionature.org/home/images/mushrooms.jpg

DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: PROTISTA _______________________ ______________________ Some have cell walls with ________________ ____________________ Can be _____________ or _____________ EXAMPLES: _____________________ EUKARYOTES Most UNICELLULAR; some colonial/multi CELLULOSE Some have chloroplasts AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS Amoeba; Paramecium; Giant kelp; slime mold http://www.ravelgrane.com/pix/proj/draco/paramecium-nahrung.gif

Classification of Living Things Figure 18-12 Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains Section 18-3 Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria ____________ Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan _____________ Autotroph or heterotroph Methanogens, halophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular __________________________ Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi Eukaryote ______________________ Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Eukarya Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts ___________ Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia ____________ No cell walls or chloroplasts Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals Eubacteria Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Multicellular Unicellular Multicellular Autotroph or Heterotroph Autotroph Heterotroph

Figure 18-13 Cladogram of Six Kingdoms and Three Domains Section 18-3 DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN BACTERIA

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things 9-12.L.1.2. Students are able to classify organisms using characteristics and evolutionary relationship of major taxa. (APPLICATION) Kingdoms Examples: animals, plants, fungi, protista, monera Phyla Examples: invertebrates, vertebrates, divisions of plants

Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: predict the function of a given structure; construct an original dichotomous key. PROFICIENT level: classify organisms using a dichotomous key. describe the relationship between structure and function BASIC level recognize that different structures perform different functions; identify DNA as the structure that carries the genetic code Know the purpose of a dichotomous key

SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS 9-12.L.1.5A. Students are able to classify organisms using characteristics and evolutionary relationships of domains. (SYNTHESIS) Examples: eubacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes