The 13 Originals Exploring the who, when, where, and why behind the 13 original colonies of early America.

The New England Triangular Trade Ships followed ocean routes that formed a triangle on the world map.

The New England Colonies New Hampshire Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut

Life in Colonial New England Founded to make money $$$ and for religious reasons (Puritans wanted religious freedom) Most New Englanders were: Farmers Traders Sailors and fishermen They used ships called schooners to catch cod They also were known for whaling Boston was the largest city in the New England colonies.

Life in Colonial New England Schooling was very important to New Englanders. They believed that children should be able to read so they can read the Bible. Massachusetts passed a law about public education in 1647. The law said every town with 50 families or more must have a school.

The New England Colonies CLIMATE Colder than the other two regions Why? Because they were the farthest north!

The New England Colonies GEOGRAPHY Mostly hills with rocky soil

The Middle Colonies New Jersey Pennsylvania New York Delaware

The Middle Colonies The middle colonies unlike the other colonies had settlers from all different countries: Europe Germany Holland Sweden Established for political power and to make money $$$ Henry Hudson explored the waterway called the Hudson River. The Dutch built a settlement called New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam then became New York when it was attacked by the English. The English also took New Sweden from the Dutch and called it New Jersey.

Life in the Middle Colonies People lived on large farms far apart from each other. Families home schooled their children. The farms produced grains such as corn and wheat. They were known as the “Breadbasket of America”. Beaver fur was common for trade.

The Middle Colonies CLIMATE GEOGRAPHY Moderate in the wintertime, moderately long for growing crops GEOGRAPHY Hills and flat land with fertile soil

The Southern Colonies Virginia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Life in the Southern Colonies There were few towns in the southern colonies, but several times a year families living on plantations would travel to the county seat. This was the main town for each county, or large part of a colony. Established to make money $$$, or as prison colonies (Georgia) People went to church and traded crops for goods at the county seat. County seats had a courthouse, church, general store, and a jail Plantation owners bought and sold slaves here.

The Southern Colonies NATURAL RESOURCES

The Southern Colonies AGRICULTURE Very productive CASH CROPS of tobacco and rice. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Rich soil Flat ground Longer growing season Plantations Specialized and large.

THE AMERICAN COLONIES NEW ENGLAND COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES Region Geography Government & Economy Religion & Society NEW ENGLAND COLONIES • Coastal areas with good harbors. • Inland areas with dense forests. • Poor rocky soil & short growing season. •Small farms. Lumber mills. Fishing, Shipbuilding and Trade flourished. •Cities developed along coast. •Most people organized as congregations. (Puritans) •Lived on farms, Merchants controlled trade. •Artisans made goods, unskilled workers and slaves provided labor. MIDDLE COLONIES •Fertile soil and long growing season. •Rivers ran into backcountry. •Colonies grew large amounts of rye, oats, barley, potatoes & wheat as cash crop. •Cities on coast. •Wealthiest people owned large farms & most business. •Most farmers produced a small surplus. •Tenants farmers rented land or worked for wages. • Religious diversity: Catholic, Quaker, Protestant SOUTHERN COLONIES •Favorable climate and soil for agriculture. •Wide rivers made cities unnecessary. “Plantations” •Tobacco, rice & indigo grown on large plantations as cash crops. •Wealthy elite controlled most land. •Labor supply: indentured servants & African slaves. Religion: Anglican

Contrast between the North and South List 3 differences between the Northern and Southern colonies. Environment/Geography/Climate Agriculture Manufacturing