Adjectives Accusative Nouns Lesson II: Sicilia Adjectives Accusative Nouns

fama famae f. report, fame

familia familiae f. family

fortuna fortunae f. fortune, luck

puella puellae f. girl

terra terrae f. earth, land

vita vitae f. life

bonus, bona, bonum good

durus, dura, durum hard

great, large, big magnus, magna, magnum

parvus, parva, parvum small, little

amant they love, like

portant they carry

An adjective is a word used to describe a noun. We say that an adjective modifies its noun. In English, an adjective does not change. We say “the good dog” or “the good dogs” but not “the goods dogs.” But in Latin, an adjective changes its ending to agree with the noun it modifies in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE. Think GNC! Gender: masculine, feminine, neuter Number: singular, plural Case: Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative.

In Latin, adjectives usually follow their nouns, but because an adjective must agree with its noun in GENDER, NUMBER, and CASE, its position is less important than in English. magna silva a large forest magnae silvae large forests aquam bonam good water Remember, the noun is the boss! Whatever gender, number, and case the noun is, the adjective must be also.

An adjective may be used directly with a noun, as in the previous examples, or it may be used in the predicate, like this: Magna famila est bona. A large family is good. Magnae silvae sunt bonae. Large forests are good. The vocabulary lists and Latin dictionaries will give you the 3 nominative forms of Latin adjectives: masculine, feminine, and neuter. It’s important to learn all 3 of these. parvus, parva, parvum small magnus, magna, magnum great, large

Time To Practice! Workbook page 7, #’s 1-5.

fama famae f. report, fame

familia familiae f. family

fortuna fortunae f. fortune, luck

puella puellae f. girl

terra terrae f. earth, land

vita vitae f. life

bonus, bona, bonum good

durus, dura, durum hard

magnus, magna, magnum great, large, big

parvus, parva, parvum small, little

amant they love, like

portant they carry

Finding Direct Objects A direct object follows an ACTION verb (not a linking verb like “is” and “are”). The direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb. The girl pets the cat. (Ask: what does the girl pet?) Direct object: CAT The boy feeds the dog. (Ask: what does the boy feed?) Direct object: DOG

Finding Direct Objects The choir sang a song. Subject----choir Direct object----song The paramedic drove the ambulance. Subject---paramedic Direct object---ambulance The girls like the forest. Subject----girls Direct object----forest

The Accusative Case The accusative case is used to indicate the direct object of a sentence. Remember that the accusative endings of the first declension nouns you’ve learned so far have –am in the singular and –as in the plural. Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative a is

Accusative Direct Objects The girls like the forest. What is the subject? Girls Girls=Subject Subject=Nominative Girls=Nominative What is the direct object? Forest Forest=direct object Direct Object=accusative Forest=accusative Puellae silvam amant. Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative a is

Time to practice! Tell the case, number, and ending for the red words in these sentences: The girl is my friend. Shelia is a girl. The girls went to the mall. I saw the girls at the mall. sg. -a nominative nominative sg. -a nominative pl. -ae accusative pl. -as Case Singular Plural Nominative (subject) a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative (direct obj.) am as Ablative a is

Practicing Accusative Direct Objects Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative a is The girls like water. Puellae aqu__ amant. The families carry water. Familiae aqu__ portant. The girls like the roads. Puellae vi__ amant. The families carry the girls. Familiae puell__ portant. am am as as

What if we took 3 words and just scrambled their order without changing their endings? Puellae silvam amant. Puellae amant silvam. Silvam puellae amant. Amant puellae silvam. Amant silvam puellae. ALL THESE SENTENCES MEAN “THE GIRLS LIKE THE FOREST.”  In Latin, WORD ENDINGS are more important than WORD ORDER. Sometimes word order does follow certain rules, esp. in longer sentences. Remember: Endings are everything!!!

Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant. Translate the following sentences. “Cornelia” and “Iulia” are girls’ names. Cornelia et Iulia familiam amant. Cornelia et Iulia familiam parvam amant. Cornelia et Iulia aquam portant. Cornelia et Iulia aquam bonam portant.

fama famae f. report, fame

familia familiae f. family

fortuna fortunae f. fortune, luck

puella puellae f. girl

terra terrae f. earth, land

vita vitae f. life

bonus, bona, bonum good

durus, dura, durum hard

magnus, magna, magnum great, large, big

parvus, parva, parvum small, little

amant they love, like

portant they carry

Sicilia Sicilia est insula magna in Europa. Magna est fama Siciliae (of Sicily), sed fortuna Siciliae (of Sicily) non bona est. In Sicilia vita est dura. Terra et aqua sunt bonae, sed familiae sunt magnae. Magnae silvae in Sicilia non sunt. Viae non bonae sed parvae sunt. Vita est dura in Sicilia, et fortuna non bona est. In Sicilia sunt parvae et magnae puellae. Parvae puellae pupas (dolls) amant. Magnae puellae aquam portant. Familiae puellas amant. Familiae Siciliam et famam Siciliae (of Sicily) amant, sed fortunam duram non amant.