Why did Russia withdraw from World War I? Bell Ringer Why did Russia withdraw from World War I?

Revolutions in Russia 14.1

Czars Resist Change 1881: Alexander III halted all reforms Authorized pograms 1894: Nicholas II became czar Began industrializing Russia Nicholas I

Revolutionary Movement Grows Growth of factories caused bad working conditions, low wages, & child labor Marxist believed proletariat would rule the country Split into two groups: Mensheviks (moderate) Bolsheviks (radical) Leader: Lenin

Crisis at Home 1800’s: Russo- Japanese War Caused unrest/revolt Bloody Sunday (1905) Workers/families petitioning for better working conditions Nicholas II’s generals killed several hundred Nicholas set up the Duma (Parliament) Dissolved after 10 weeks

World War I: The Final Blow Russia unprepared to handle WWI Revealed weaknesses of czar and military Czarina Alexandra fell under power of Rasputin Soldiers mutinied, deserted, or ignored orders

The March Revolution 1917: Women textile workers led a strike Riots over bread and fuel Czar stepped down Provisional govt set up Soviets begin to influence government Lenin returns to Russia

The Bolshevik Revolution 1917: Bolsheviks take over govt Lenin becomes leader Distributes farmland and gives control of factories to workers 1918: Signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Angered many Russians Civil War: Red Army (communists) vs. White Army Leon Trotsky led Red Army to victory 14 million died

Lenin Restores Order 1921: NEP – takes over economy 1922: Renames Russia – The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) 1928: Joseph Stalin takes over total command of the Communist Party