1. The Russian Revolution

2. Roots of the Russian Revolution
1881, reforms stop when Alexander II assassinated
Alexander III strengthens “autocracy, orthodoxy, and nationality”

6. 1903 Nicholas Crowned Czar

7. Nicholas’ reforms bring discontent
Forced industrialization
Workers badly exploited
Bolshevik (Communist) party formed by Lenin

9. Lenin’s communism
Based on Marx’s early writings.
Union between workers and peasants
“Peace, Land, Bread”

14. Unrest Grows
1905 Loss of Russo-Japanese War
1905-St Petersburg Massacre- “Bloody Sunday”
Alexandra and Alexis
The Rasputin scandals

20. 1914 World War I
Doom for Romanovs
February 1917(March) Revolution
Mensheviks rule Russia

21. 1915 Nicholas II assumes command of Army

22. 1916 Rasputin Killed

23. 1917 March Revolution
Kerensky Government
Nicholas abdicates
Tries to remain in war-
Soviets form as rival governments

24. 1917 Lenin leads October Revolution (Bolshevik)

28. Lenin’s early reforms
Land redistribution
Worker control of factories
Peace with Germany-Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918

31. civil war
Mensheviks ( Whites ) democrats/czarists oppose Lenin
Bolsheviks ( Reds ) led by Leon Trotsky-communists
Intervention by western democracies

33. civil war
15 million die
1918- Czar Nicholas and family executed
1921 war ends
Communists in firm control
Civil war leaves suspicion towards western democracies

35. Lenin’s later reforms
1921New Economic Policy (NEP)
1922 Formation of the Union of Socialist Soviets of Russia (USSR )

37. Lenin dies in 1924
Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin
Stalin wins