The Spread of Islam Lesson 2 Standards covered: 7.4 Describe the expansion of Muslim rule through conquests and the spread of cultural diffusion of Islam and the Arabic language. (C, E, G, H) 7.7 Analyze the origins and impact of different sects within Islam, Sunnis and Shi’ites. 7.9 Describe the establishment of trade routes among Asia, Africa, and Europe and the role of merchants in Arab society. (E, G, H) 7.11 Explain the importance of Mehmed II the Conqueror and Suleiman the Magnificent. (H, P) 7.12 Write an explanatory text to describe the Shah Abbas and how his policies of cultural blending led to the Golden Age and the rise of the Safavid Empire. (C, H, P)  

After Muhammad’s death caliphs or successors where chosen to lead. 7.4 Describe the expansion of Muslim rule through conquests and the spread of cultural diffusion of Islam and the Arabic language. (C, E, G, H) FACTS After Muhammad’s death caliphs or successors where chosen to lead. The first four caliphs were close friends or relatives of Muhammad. Expansion under the new caliphs was known as the Umayyad – Muslim rule extended farther into Asia and Africa. Arab soldiers believed it was their duty to spread Islam. Islam spread by armies, preachers, and merchants. After conquered they usually let communities practice their own religion, but after a while most became Muslims and learned the Arab language.

Islam territory at Muhammad’s Death AD 632

Expansion under Abu Bakr AD 632-34

Expansion under Umar A.D. 634-644

Expansion under Uthman and Ali A.D. 644-661

Expansion by AD 750

Differences between the Sunni and the Shia (Shi'ites) Shia believed that Ali, Muhammad's son-in- law was the rightful heir and future caliphs needed to be descendants (relatives) of Muhammad. Sunni believe that caliphs do not have to be descendants of Muhammad. Today most Muslims are Sunni. Today most of the population of Iran and Iraq are Shia or Shi’ite. 7.7 Analyze the origins and impact of different sects within Islam, Sunnis and Shi’ites.

Similarities between Sunni and Shia (Shi’ite) Both believe in one God. Both believe that the Quran is Islam’s holy book. Both believe in the 5 Pillars of Faith 7.7 Analyze the origins and impact of different sects within Islam, Sunnis and Shi’ites.

7.7 Analyze the origins and impact of different sects within Islam, Sunnis and Shi’ites.

Islam gradually spread through areas the Muslims conquered. 7.9 Describe the establishment of trade routes among Asia, Africa, and Europe and the role of merchants in Arab society. Islam gradually spread through areas the Muslims conquered. At the same time trade helped spread Islam into other areas as well. Arabia’s crossroads location gave Muslim merchants easy access to South Asia, Europe, and Africa.

Merchants Along with their goods, Arab merchants took their Islamic beliefs to new lands. Trade also brought new products to Muslim lands.

Mehmed II the Conqueror 7.11 Explain the importance of Mehmed II the Conqueror and Suleiman the Magnificent. (H, P) Mehmed II the Conqueror Ottoman Leader 1453 seized the Byzantine capital of Constantinople Renamed Constantinople, Istanbul. Conquered lands in southeastern Europe, Southwest Asia and North Africa. Controlled much of the Mediterranean Region until the late 1500s. Spread Islam

7.11 Explain the importance of Mehmed II the Conqueror and Suleiman the Magnificent. (H, P) Suleiman I Suleiman the Magnificent, ruled for 46 years. Became sultan of the Ottoman Empire in 1520 at the age of 26. His reign is known as the Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire. “The Lawgiver” because he organized Ottoman laws. Built many schools and mosques throughout the empire. Responsible for the empire’s greatest achievements in law, art, architecture and literature.

The Safavids Ismail, king of Persia Founded the Safavid dynasty which ruled until 1700s Persian spread as a language of culture and trade.

Shah Abbas – The Safavid Dynasty 7.12 Write an explanatory text to describe the Shah Abbas and how his policies of cultural blending led to the Golden Age and the rise of the Safavids Empire. (C, H, P) Shah Abbas – The Safavid Dynasty 1587 became leader of Persia. Defeated the Ottoman Turks and forced them to give back the territory that they siezed. Generally tolerant of Christianity Created diplomatic ties to European countries Helped protect and grow Persia’s economy and military.

Abbas' reign, with its military successes and efficient administrative system, raised Iran to the status of a great power. Industry and trade with the West grew under Abbas. He established a royal monopoly over the silk trade Shah Abbas welcomed foreigners at his court and enjoyed religious discussion. He allowed Christians in his realm to own land and to wear whatever clothes they wanted and to ride horseback. He also built hospitals and put in place other welfare provisions for his subjects He secured the borders of his Shia kingdom, and building on Ismail I's achievements, he ensured the survival of Shia Islam as the overwhelming majority faith tradition of Iran

Your turn! Describe the Shah Abbas and how his policies of cultural blending led to the Golden Age and the rise of the Safavids Empire.

Acknowledgements This PowerPoint was found online and was originally created by Marjorie Sudburry.