Chapter 3 Review ACS 11 April 27th, 2015

Vocabulary: Indentured Servants: someone who pays for their travel to the “new world” by working for someone for several years to repay their debt. Chattle: a person who is owned by a master and treated like property. Their children would immediately become enslaved at birth. Domestic Slavery: forcing someone to work in another’s home with no pay. Estate Slavery: forcing large numbers of people to do agricultural work on someone’s land. The landowner controls what they do. Trading Posts: the location where goods and/or people were traded. Middle Passage: the long journey of kidnapped African peoples across the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to North America. Abolitionist: a person who favours banning a practice (such as slavery)

Colonization and Trans-Atlantic Trade During exploration Europeans were looking for resources – they found gold, land etc – They also found the concept of slavery. Cheap labour was needed to respond to the industrial revolution – they took people to work. African slaves were more cost effective because they were not paid, and forced to live in horrible conditions.

Triangular Trade Routes First Leg: Ships carrying goods from Europe to west coast of Africa. Second Leg: Ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean and North America. Third Leg: Captives were sold for cash or other goods. The ships returned to Europe loaded with goods. How did this fuel the industrial revolution?

Physical and Psychological Conditions Raids Villages would be raided in the early morning. Killed many elders Took young women and men (strongest) Forced to march along countryside bound together.

Cont’d Journey to trading posts: Journeys lasted weeks or months Along route – traded numerous times Families and villagers split up Less than 50% made it to trading posts Horrible conditions on ships – little food, small space, no autonomy Had no idea what was to come.

Cont’d Imprisoned: Held in prison like dungeons when reached land Experienced all kinds of weather – no shelter Waited their sale (weeks or months) Watched their friends and villages disappear Preferred men 15-25, men and women between 8 – 15 or 25-35 were worth less.

Cont’d Middle Passage NIGHTMARE: never see family again, no idea where headed or what future holds. Many tried to take their own life by throwing themselves overboard or refusing to eat. Shackled together at all times, air barely breathable. Overflowing toilets – had to lie in own waste Disease spread The Case of Zong pg 93-94

Cont’d Arrival in Americas/Caribbean Seasoning Camps – to wipe out identities – tortured, and punished. The idea was to strip them of their culture and more importantly their hope. Prepared them for sale – rest, wash, conceal – in order to get $$ Families split up, everything familiar was taken from them – language, food, and most of all FREEDOM.

Struggle and Resistance Abolitionists worked to show the realities of slavery to the public in hopes to ABOLISH slavery. They promoted slave narratives, displayed tools of torture. They also attempted to celebrate African culture and show that they were not “primitive” or “savage” At sea – rebellions, mutiny, created communities On plantations – worked slowly, faked illness, ran away, sang songs, danced ect – tried to create their own culture.

The Impact on Africa Lasted almost 500 year Created conflict within Africa and abroad Local industries collapsed Culture was virtually erased Strengthened attitudes of racism, prejudice, and discrimination against people of African descent Continue to feel the effects of slavery today.