1. Chapter 20, Section 3
“The Atlantic Slave Trade”

2. The Causes of African Slavery
Slavery in Africa
increased with spread of Islam during 7th century
had some legal rights
leave bondage, like marrying into family they served

3. Slavery in Africa Not a new concept
7th century spread of Islam increases slave trade
Across the Sahara, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean
Justification
Muslim belief non-Muslim prisoners can be bought and sold
b/t million Africans transported throughout Muslim land in North Africa

4. The Demand for Africans Europeans saw advantages in using Africans
immunity to diseases
experience in farming
less likely to escape, didn’t know their way
skin color made them easier to catch
Atlantic slave trade – buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas

5. Spain and Portugal Lead the Way Spanish first to import African slaves
Plantations
Gold and silver mines
Portuguese surpassed Spanish
Brazil – more than 40% of all slaves sent to work on plantations

6. Slavery Spreads Throughout the Americas
England Dominates the Slave Trade
leading carrier of enslaved Africans from
transported nearly 1.7 million to the West Indies
400,000 to North American colonies

7. African merchants and some rulers participated
African Cooperation and Resistance
African merchants and some rulers participated
traded slaves for gold, guns, and other goods
some rulers voiced opposition

8. A Forced Journey The Triangular Trade –
transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in the Americas

11. The Middle Passage
middle leg of transatlantic trade triangle
slaves packed into ships
whippings and disease
many committed suicide

12. Most ships provided slaves with enough room to sit upright, but not enough to stand
Others forced slaves to lie in chains with barely 20 inches space between them

14. Slavery in the Americas
A Harsh Life
auctioned off to highest bidder
worked in mines, fields, or as domestic servants
many lived on little food in small huts
worked long days and suffered beatings
mostly a lifelong condition and hereditary

17. Resistance and Rebellion
developed a way of life based on cultural heritage
musical traditions
stories of their ancestors
made themselves less productive
broke tools, uprooted plants, worked slowly
thousands ran away
uprising in Hispaniola, Brazil, W. Indies, N. America

18. Consequences of the Slave Trade
Africa
lost fittest members – the young and able
families were torn apart
introduced guns into the continent

19. The Americas
without labor, some colonies wouldn’t have survived
expertise in agriculture
culture – art, music, religion, and food
substantial African-American population

22. Daily Essential Questions
What factors led European colonists to use Africans to resupply their labor force?
How did African slaves contribute to the development of the Americas?