Photosynthesis

What is Photosynthesis? The process by which plant cells make food from sunlight is called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, cells take the energy from sunlight and change it into a food molecule, glucose.

Producers vs. Consumers Organisms that produce their own food are called producers. Another name for a producer is an autotroph. Organisms that cannot produce their own food are called consumers. Another name for a consumer is a heterotroph.

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are green organelles found in the cytoplasm of plant cells. Chloroplasts are green because they contain the pigment chlorophyll.

Chloroplasts The chlorophyll captures the sun’s energy. This energy combines with water and carbon dioxide to produce sugar (glucose) and oxygen.

Photosynthesis The raw materials for photosynthesis are water and carbon dioxide. The products of photosynthesis are glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

Chemical Equation The chemical equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6O2  C6H12O6 + 6H2O

Bell Ringer Tuesday September 27, 2016 Look at the following steps of the flow of energy through living systems. Write them in the order that you think is correct. Animals eat plants to get energy. Plants absorb sunlight . Plants use chemical energy to make organic compounds. Light from the sun reaches Earth. Plants convert sunlight into chemical energy.

Respiration

What is Respiration? The process by which cells obtain energy from glucose is called respiration. During respiration, cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain.

Storing and Releasing Energy Think of a savings account Money is put in to save it for when you need it later During photosynthesis, plants capture energy from sunlight and store it in the form of sugars. When you eat, your body stores the sugars in your body’s cells. When both plants and animals need energy, they have to “withdraw” it by breaking down the sugars.

Breathing and Respiration Breathing is when air is moved in and out of your lungs. Respiration is the process where sugars are broken down in order to release energy. This is sometimes called cellular respiration.

The Two Stages of Respiration Like photosynthesis, respiration happens in two stages. Stage 1 happens in the cytoplasm. Stage 2 happens in the mitochondria.

Stage 1 Happens in the cytoplasm Molecules of glucose are broken down into smaller molecules. Oxygen is not involved Only a small amount of energy is released.

Stage 2 Happens in the mitochondria Small molecules of sugar are broken down into even smaller particles This requires oxygen Releases a great deal of energy Reason why the mitochondria are called the “powerhouses” of the cell

Raw Materials The raw materials needed for respiration are glucose (sugar) and oxygen The glucose is made by plants during photosynthesis. Animals get the glucose from the food that they take in. The oxygen comes from the air or water surrounding the organism.

Products The products of respiration are water, carbon dioxide, and energy The energy produced is in the form of a chemical called ATP.

The Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy (ATP)

Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration

Comparing Photosynthesis and Respiration Plant cells do both photosynthesis and respiration. Animal cells only do respiration The two processes are not reversible They are not the exact opposite of each other Both produce the raw materials needed for the other process

Fermentation Fermentation is an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen. Does not produce as much energy as respiration

Alcoholic Fermentation Done by yeast and other single-celled organisms Alcohol, carbon dioxide, and ATP are the products Fermentation is responsible for making bread rise, and also for producing the alcohol in beer and wine. The carbon dioxide bubbles create the holes in bread.

Lactic Acid Fermentation Takes place in your muscles Happens when you exercise hard Cells don’t get enough oxygen, but still need energy Use fermentation to change the sugars into ATP The products are lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and ATP When the lactic acid builds up in the muscles, it makes your muscles feel weak and sore.

Venn Diagram

Assignments that can be made up, turned in or retaken by Monday 10/3/16 Student Information Sheet Syllabus Signature Sheet Lab Safety Quiz Macromolecules Lab- Turn in if you still have the paper Test 1- Anyone can retake Microscope Lab- Turn in if you still have the paper Organelle Metaphor Mini-Poster- Instructions are on school website Notebook Check 1 Cells Test- Make up if you have a 1; Retake if you have a 59 or lower Plant Cells Article Response – Instructions are on the school website Cell Membrane Color Sheet Diffusion and Osmosis Lab- Turn in if you still have the sheet Homeostasis and Transport Lab- Turn in if you still have the sheet Photosynthesis Coloring Sheet from yesterday

Bell Ringer Wednesday September 28, 2016 Copy and answer the following: In photosynthesis, is chlorophyll considered a reactant, a product, or neither? How does the role of chlorophyll compare with the roles of CO2 and H2O?

Photosynthesis Video

Respiration Video

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