The human respiratory system

Airways Nose : nostrils (to warm up and filter the air) Pharinx (common with digestive system, epiglottis) Larinx (vocal cords) Trachea (long tube ) Bronchi (two) Lungs (two spongy organs)

The interchange of gases Gases involved: Oxygen and CO2 (Carbon dioxide) Place: lungs (alveoli) Oxygen comes from the exterior trhough the airways. It goes to the cells using the circulatory system. CO2 uses the same way. Cell respiration: Mitochondria. To obtain energy by using oxygen and glucose. Waste: CO2.

Alveoli: interchange of gases

Circulatory system Double Closed Circulatory System

Two circuits: Pulmonary circuit: Right ventricle –pulmonary artery- lungs – pulmonary veins – left atrium: Gas exchange Systemic circuit: Left ventricle – Aorta - body (system) – venar cavae – right atrium: to deliver oxygen and to remove CO2.

The heart

Types of vessels Veins: thin walls, valves. (Take blood back to the heart). Arteries: thicker and elastic walls. (Carry the blood away from the heart) Capillaries: single layers of flat cells wich allow substances to be exchanges quickly between the blood and the tissue cells. thinner than a hair.

Types of vessels

Heart movements Systole: contraction to pump the blood Diastole: relax to allow the blood to flow in Pumping movement: Veins-atria-ventricles-arteries

Blood components

The blood Plasma: water + nutrients (proteins, oxygen, etc)+ wastes (urea, CO2, etc) Cells: 1.-RED cells (Erythrocytes) Red cells contain hemoglobin to carry Oxigen and CO2 2.-WHITE cells (Leucocytes) White cells protect the body 3.- Platelets: (Thrombocytes)Pieces of cells to prevent blood clotting.

Functions of blood It transports nutriens and oxygen to all cells. It collects waste products from cells. It transports hormones. It helps to regulate temperature. It protects the body from infections.

The Lymphatic System Excess interstitial fluid is collected and returned to the bloodstream by the Lymphatic S. Lymphatic vessels: lead back to the veins of the circulatory S. Vessels are blind-ended. Lymph nodes: Located along vessels. They produce lymphocytes and filter waste substances from interstitial fluid. Lymph: interstitial fluid+lymphocytes+other s.

Functions of the lymphatic s It mantains the fluid balance between the interstitial fluid and the blood plasma. It helps protecting the body from infections. It collects the products of fat digestion in the small intestine, through lacteals (vessels)

THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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