Unit 4: Northern & NW Europe Human Environment Interaction

Northern Europe Human Environment Interaction

Managing Resources Baltic Sea Boreal forest Wetlands overfishing trawling polluted chemical runoff from coastal and river areas near industries high ship traffic bringing invasive species Boreal forest ecosystems destroyed by deforestation increased levels of carbon dioxide due to deforestation Wetlands cleared to make room for industry and homes disrupted by dams built for hydroelectric power polluted by industrial drainage and the process of peat production

Human Impact Climate change, acid rain, and pollution are affecting Northern Europe. Scandinavian scientists were among the first to understand the environmental effects of acid rain. High latitudes and steep mountain valleys make climate change more noticeable in Northern Europe.

Addressing the Issues Environmental management focuses on sustainability and long-term planning. Conservation has been important for the Nordic countries for over 100 years. The region supports ecotourism to encourage tourism that limits damage to the unique lands of Northern Europe.

North Western Europe Human Environment Interaction

Managing Resources NW Europe consumes large amounts of natural resources and generates large amounts of waste Pollution is a problem for wildlife, animals & humans. Overfishing is a major concern. Fragmentation of the landscape, caused by roads & railways has resulted in some animal populations becoming isolated.

Human Impact Industrial pollution Marine & coastal ecosystems have declined Overfishing Pollution Introduction of invasive species Coastal development Mediterranean Sea used for waste disposal Air pollution as a result of auto manufacturing and use of autos Industrial pollution Acid rain drifts across borders Acid deposition Damages forests & rivers Fish & other aquatic life dies Damages buildings & statues

Addressing the Issues Countries in the EU can face legal action if they do not respect environmental protection laws. Many factories now burn natural gas instead of coal, or are powered by alternative energy sources. All the countries in Northwestern Europe have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, an amendment designed to reduce greenhouse gases, part of a treaty on climate change. Cap-and-trade is a system that sets limits on emissions and allows businesses to buy and sell emission credits. EU Water Directive will require rivers to meet new regulations to protect water resources. Governments and NGOs such as Greenpeace, Oceana, & Seas At Risk are working together to address pollution and protect the environment.