The Dark Ages

Review Peasants King Nobles/Clergy Knights Feudalism – a economic system in which land is given in exchange for a service Land given as payment called a “fief” THINK: Who is the only person powerful enough to be higher then the king?

The Pope and the Church Religion was a very important part of feudal life The church had the ability to cleanse people of their “sins” (bad deeds) Clergy (church officials) were considered to be in the same social class as wealthy nobles The Pope was seen as the only person more important then the King

The importance of the Catholic Church The Catholic church was the only thing that could bring order and stability to the divided kingdoms

Trouble for Christian Europe Holy Roman Empire Byzantine Empire Ottoman Empire

The Crusades – a series of “holy wars” that lasted hundreds of years The Muslim Turks had taken control of Jerusalem (a holy place for Christians) Pope Urban II calls upon all Christians in Europe to take back the holy land from the Muslims Pope declares that all who join will be forgiven of their sins Rulers and nobles from all different kingdoms come together to fight for a common cause The Crusades

Effects of the Crusades Although the Christians did regain temporary control of Jerusalem, The Turks proved to be too much for the European crusaders However, there were other effects: Effects of the Crusades Spread of new ideas and technology Increased trade: And a new Middle Class of Merchants Bad blood between Christians, Jews, and Muslims

Trade leads to Death Luxury items weren’t the only things traveling with merchants from Asia to Europe The Bubonic Plague Also known as “Black Death” Infected fleas traveled on rats inside trade ships Overall, the Plague killed between 100-200 million people

The Hundred Years war

Kingdoms on the Rise After the Crusades: Kingdoms fighting less Some kingdoms form alliances Peasants are becoming merchants (middle class) Feudal society (the manor system) is disappearing New towns become centers for trade and learning

France and England The two kingdoms that rise above the rest are France and England English and French Kings had led armies successfully into the holy land Became well respected by their people Gained land and power by who they married Most of the time Kings married royalty from other nations to secure alliances

Who controls the Throne? King of France Died in 1285 King Edward III (England) was the grandson of King Philip IV (France) Died in 1314 Married King of England Has a son Died in 1316 No kids Died in 1322 No kids Died in 1328 No kids

The Hundred years War King Edward III (King of England) is Philip IV of Spain’s grandson… and the only male heir to the throne King of England and France… French not happy 100 years of wars fought by French and English relatives English was had overwhelmingly beat the French, French agreed to sign a treaty handing France over to the English

Joan of Arc A teenage girl named Joan of Arc convinced the French to not give in She led an army to kick the English out of French lands Although English lost, both countries gained a strong since of nationalism (pride for your nation)

Review Definitions Justinian’s code – book of laws in the Byzantine Empire Hagia Sophia – Church in the Byzantine Empire, turned mosque Constantinople – capital of the Byzantine Empire Eastern Orthodox Christianity – Byzantine Christianity Crusades – holy wars between Christians and Muslims Lord – wealthy land owner Vassal – serves the lord for land called a “fief” Serfs – peasant farmers

Review Definitions Manor – small town, owned by lord, fenced in Three field system – crop rotation system, soil stays fresh Charlemagne – King of the Franks, then Carolingian Emperor, then Holy Roman Emperor Charles Martel – Charlemagne's grandfather, beat Muslims at the Battle of Tours Clovis – Took Paris from the Roman Empire Black Death – disease that killed 100-200 million people Vikings – barbaric tribe located in Northern Europe

Review questions 1. Built schools, created a standard body of laws, built massive churches 2. The fall of Western Rome 3. All are laws 4. It was the capital, located on the border of Asia and Europe 5. Trade led to the Russians adopting Byzantine culture 6. Barbaric tribes in power, less trade, less education 7. The rise of the Manor system and Feudalism 8. Top – King, 2nd – Church (clergy), 3rd – Nobles, 4th – Knights, last – Peasants (serfs)

Review questions 9. Land for services (fief). Knights provided protections 10. Catholic Church 11. Take back the holy land (Jerusalem) 12. Increased trade, spread of culture, bad relations between Christians, Muslims, and Jews. 13.Trade Increased, spices, sugar, lemons, ect. Came to Europe 14. To be forgiven of their sins 15. Charles Martel fought the Muslims, stopped the spread of Muslims to Europe

Review answers 16. Barbarians took over towns, making towns unsafe 17. The plague killed 100-200 million of people 18. New Roman Empire, located in central Europe, Charlemagne was the first Emperor 19. Saving Pope, being crowned Emperor, creating the largest empire since Roman Empire 20. Fleas on rats, rats travels in trade ships to Europe