PHED 3 Contemporary Issues in Sport LTAD A2 PE PHED 3 Contemporary Issues in Sport LTAD

Long Term Athlete development (LTAD) What are the key principles behind LTAD?

LTAD development Developed by Worldwide expert Dr Istvan Balyi in 1990 Focuses on... Maximising player development Encouraging lifelong commitment to sport Outlines a staged approach to training, competition and recovery In relation to developmental age of individual Philosophy not just a plan

Specialisation timing Early specialisation Late specialisation Sports such as... Gymnastics Diving Figure skating Requiring an earlier specialisation in training Sports such as... Athletics Cycling Racket sports Rowing Team sports Emphasis placed upon development of general motor, technical and tactical skills before specialisation

Specialisation models Early Specialisation Late Specialisation 6. Retirement/ Retainment 5. Training to win 4. Training to compete 3. Training to train 2. Learning to train 1. FUNdamentals 4. Retirement/ Retainment 3. Training to win 2. Training to compete 1. Training to train

Through the stages...

FUNdamentals (Boys 6-9 and Girls 5-8) Main objective... Overall development of the athlete’s physical capacities and fundamental movement skills Key points... Participation in as many sports as possible- avoiding specialisation Speed, power and endurance are developed using FUN games Develop the athlete's: ABC's (Agility, Balance, Coordination and Speed) RJT (Running, Jumping, Throwing) KGBs (Kinaesthetics, Gliding, Buoyancy, Striking with a body part) CKs (Catching, Kicking, Striking with an implement)

Learning to train (Boys 9-12 and Girls 8-11) Main objective... Development of fundamental sports skills and fitness Key points... Coincides with peak motor learning- Motor Skill development is a priority 75:25 ratio of training to competition Emphasis placed upon performance and not results Participation in complementary sports Similar energy systems Similar movement patterns

Training to train (Boys 12-16 and Girls 11-15) Main objective... Individualisation of training and aerobic conditioning Key points... Emphasis still placed upon training not competition However quality and focus of competition becomes more important Strength development may be undertaken towards the end of the stage Maturation dependant Danger of over-competing and under training

Training to Compete (Boys 16-18 and Girls 15-17) Main objective... Individualised training to allow athlete to compete against others Key points... Training needs to combine Sport specific skills Tactics Game strategies Conditioning 80% of activities should be sport specific Likely to be involved in selected competitions Avoiding overtraining and too much competition

Training to Win (Boys18+ and Girls17+) Main objective... Specific training to optimise performance Key points... Key attributes should be fully established Physical Technical Tactical Mental Training will be periodised around key competition Allowing peak performance when needed 85% of training likely to be sport specific

Retainment Keeping performer involved via... Veterans competitions Coaching Officiating Administrating Glen Jackson

Has LTAD been successful? Theoretical basis criticised... Changes to NGB specific models detrimental Scheme originally designed for Canadian alpine skiing team. No longitudinal research Little peer review Little research using elite performers and their experiences Agreed that it should be used as a basis for sport specific progress NGBs adapted their own programmes Long term monitoring needed for conclusive with continued research into... Physiology and Biomechanics Psychology Nutrition Skill development