Lesson 1.1: Scientific Method
What is Science? Science is not a collection of stuff to memorize Science is a process (VERB!) Science relies on facts The scientific method allows us to solve problems and answer questions about the natural world
Pseudoscience is ‘fake science’ Astrology, Cryptozoology, ESP
The Scientific Method: Make Observations/Conduct Research Ask a Research Question Form a testable Hypothesis Design the Experiment/Materials & Methods Collect and Analyze Data/Results Draw a Conclusion/Accept or reject hypothesis
Observation: what you actually see occurring Example Observation: Example Research Question:
Inference: a logical interpretations based on your observations; or an assumption Example Inference:
Hypothesis: a testable explanation based on your observations Example Hypothesis:
Designing an Experiment: Independent Variable: the variable that is changed; (a.k.a. manipulated variable) Dependent Variable: the variable that is observed or measured; (a.k.a. responding variable) Control Group: not changed; what occurs naturally
Collecting and Analyzing Data: Scientists record experimental observations, gathering information called data Quantitative data: numerical data Example: Qualitative data: descriptive data
Your results include both your observations (qualitative) and a graph or chart of measurements (quantitative)
Drawing Conclusions: Scientists use experimental data as evidence to accept or reject the hypothesis being tested, and to draw a valid conclusion