SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: The Age of Invention Key Figures

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SS.912.A.3.2 Examine the social, political, and economic causes, course, and consequences of the second Industrial Revolution that began in the late 19th century. SS.912.A.3.3 Compare the first and second Industrial Revolutions in the United States. SS.912.A.3.4 Determine how the development of steel, oil, transportation, communication, and business practices affected the United States economy. SS.912.A.3.5 Identify significant inventors of the Industrial Revolution including African Americans and women

The Inventors Henry Bessemer: Developed the Bessemer Process, the method used to convert iron ore to steel, which produced more steel in one day than the old method did in one week

The Inventors Edwin Drake: Used steam engine to drill oil. His oil well the first to drill the "black gold" from the ground. His efforts were initially called “Drake’s Folly.”

The Inventors Alfred Nobel: Invents dynamite He used his enormous fortune from 355 patents to institute the Nobel Prizes.

The Inventors Christopher Sholes: Invented the typewriter Developed the keyboard that is still in use today.

The Inventors George Westinghouse: Inventor of air brakes. Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing.

The Inventors Louis Pasteur: Came up with the food preparing process known as pasteurization He also developed a vaccination for anthrax and rabies.

The Inventors Elijah McCoy: African-American inventor best known for inventing lubrication devices used to make train travel more efficient. The expression, “The Real McCoy,” referred to his devices.

The Inventors Alexander Graham Bell: One of the primary inventors of the telephone Did important work in communication for the deaf Held more than 18 patents.

The Inventors Thomas Edison: Made innovations to the electric light bulb Invented the phonograph A savvy businessman, he held more than 1,000 patents for his inventions. Engaged in public disagreements with Nikola Tesla over AC and DC electricity.

The Inventors Nikola Tesla: Worked briefly for Thomas Edison. Developed the alternating- current electrical system that's used today. Discovered the rotating magnetic field  Invented the Radio Engaged in public disagreements with Thomas Edison over AC and DC electricity.

The Inventors George Washington Carver: Botanist, chemist and inventor Best known for his work with peanuts (peanut butter) Ran Agricultural Department at Tuskegee Institute

The Inventors Wilbur and Orville Wright: Developed the first successful airplane. Orville was the first person to fly.

The Builders John Augustus Roebling: Pioneered the use of wire rope to build suspension bridges. His best known work is the Brooklyn Bridge.

The Builders William Le Baron Jenney: Architect and engineer who is known for building the first skyscraper in 1884 Became known as the Father of the American skyscraper.

The Builders Native American Ironworkers: Many of the workers who built the skyscrapers were Mohawk Native Americans. They were often referred to as “Skywalkers”

The Builders Richard Morris Hunt: Designed the pedestal for the Statue of Liberty Founder of American Institute of Architects.

The Industrialists Cornelius Vanderbilt: Industrialist who worked in railroads and shipping; known as “The Commodore.” Accumulated the largest fortune in the U.S. at the time of his death, in 1877. Bought and combined railroads and standardized operations.

The Industrialists George Pullman: Designed and manufactured the Pullman sleeping car Founded a company town, Pullman, for the workers.

The Industrialists John D. Rockefeller: Established the Standard Oil Company in 1870 Largest monopoly; controlled 90% of all oil production Rockefeller was the America's first billionaire.

The Industrialists Andrew Carnegie: Owned many different iron and steel factories and mines across the U.S. Carnegie's success was huge for the economy because it pushed America ahead of the powerhouses such as Britain and Germany.

The Industrialists JP Morgan: Founded the banking company J.P. Morgan & Co., one of the leading financial firms in the country. Financed the consolidation of Carnegie and Federal steel companies to form US Steel.

The Industrialists Henry Ford: One of America's famous industrialists Revolutionized assembly-line production of the automobile. Built the Model T