1. The United States becomes an Industrial Giant
The Growth of Industry
The United States becomes an Industrial Giant

2. Industrial Revolution
The First Industrial Revolution reached the United States in the early 1800s.
Industry is the name given to business involved in manufacturing; transportation; and communications.
Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by an increase in technology. Ex: Hand tools are replaced by factory machines, and farming is replaced by large-scale manufacturing.

3. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century
The United States had enough iron ore and coal to provide raw materials for manufacturing.
New Resource: Petroleum turned into Kerosene
Discovery of oil.
1. Natural Resources
An abundance of raw materials
materials was one reason for
the nation’s industrial success.
Timber
Coal
Iron
Copper
These resources were located in the American West

4. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century
2. Population Growth
3. Technology
It stemmed from two sources: large families and a flood of legal immigrants.
Growth provided industry with an abundant workforce and created greater demand for consumer goods.
Technologies and inventions eased transportation and communication. They encouraged new industries which in turn produced more wealth and jobs.

5. New Technologies help nation grow
With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers.
Joseph Glidden – Barbed Wire
Cyrus McCormick – Mechanical Reaper
Midwestern farmers became a market for Northeastern manufactured goods.
The growth of the textile factories increased the demand for Southern cotton.

6. Developments of Major New Industries
Andrew Carnegie
Scottish businessman
One of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune.
Owned the Carnegie Steel Company
Vertical Integration
Passion for supporting charities
80% of fortune went to education.
At time of death, he had given away – 350 million.
John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil Co.
Eventually owned most oil companies in US. (Horizontal Integration)
He bought out competitors or drove them out of business.
He hated competition (he saw it as wasteful)

7. Developments of Major New Industries
Cornelius Vanderbilt
J. Pierpont Morgan
Owner of the largest private banking & securities house of America. He reorganized many bankrupt railroads.
In 1901; Morgan & his associates purchased the Carnegie Steel Co & merged it with other steel producers to form enormous monopoly known as US Steel Corp (nation’s first billion-dollar Co.)
Became famous for consolidating a number of short railroad lines between NYC & Buffalo to the country’s first great railroad system; the NY Central Station

8. Inventions Thomas Alva Edison George Westinghouse
-Established the world’s first
research laboratory.
-Perfected the light bulb
-Invented an electrical system
1.Electrical power ran numerous machines, from fans to printing presses.
2. Became available to homes
3. Industry grew like never before
-The first air brake, making
braking a safer venture on trains and thus, permitting trains to travel at higher
speed. Hydro Turbine, elec
power, Niagara Falls

9. Inventions Christopher Sholes Alexander Graham Bell
-Invented the typewriter
(Changed the world of work)
-Invented the telephone
(open the way for worldwide communication network)

10. Inventions Gustavus Swift Thaddeus Lowe
-load of meat shipped on the first refrigerated box car
-Invented the ice machine; the basis of the refrigerator.
Inside of Swift's Refrigerated Railroad Car