1. Rise of Industrial America
Late 1800’s- Early 1900’s

2. REVOLTION
A sudden, dramatic, complete or marked change in something

3. Rise of Industrial America
Civil War  Advancements that will turn the U.S. into the richest nation and most industrialized country in the world!
How?
Communication
Telegraph  Telephone
Finances
National Currency
Transportation
Transcontinental Railroad  Cars
Industry
Mass contracts to clothing manufactures

4. Rise of Industrial America
Geographically America was a HUGE country with all the resources necessary for an industrial boom.
For Example:
Coal
Iron
Oil
Grain

5. Changes in Daily Life Life in the 1900’s
Between 1860 – 1890 the gov’t issued almost 500,000 patents
Licenses that gave inventors exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention
These inventions increased productivity
Power Stations
Provided electricity for lamps, fans, printing presses and more…
By 1900, 1.5 million telephones in use and 63 million messages sent by the telegraph

6. Railroads Transcontinental Railroad
May 10th, 1869 – extended from coast to coast
Led to development of more towns throughout the West
1883, RR adopted a national system of time zones to improve scheduling
Result- System we still use today

7. Railroads Played key role in revolutionizing business & industry by:
Faster, more practical means of transporting goods.
Lowered cost of production.
Created national markets.
Model for big business.
Encouraged innovation in other industries.

8. Bessemer Process Henry Bessemer (1856)
Patent – which made steel production easier & less expensive
Blast hot air through molten iron, which in turn produces steel
Introduced mass production  New age of building
Example: Brooklyn Bridge: designed w/ steel cables suspended from towers

9. The Genius of Inventions
Thomas Edison
Phonograph
Light Bulb
1st Power Plant
Alexander Graham Bell
Telephone
Wilbur & Orville Wright
Airplane
Henry Ford
Model T
Assembly Line

10. Robber Barons
Business leaders who built their fortunes by stealing from the public
Drained the country of natural resources
Persuaded public officials to push laws in their favor
Ruthlessly drove their competitors to ruin
Paid workers meager wages & forced them to work under dangerous & unhealthy conditions.

11. Captains of Industry Business leaders served nation in positive way.
Increased supply of goods & expanded markets.
Created jobs that enabled Americans to buy new goods & raise their standard of living.
Created museums, libraries, & universities.

12. Horizontal Consolidation Rockefeller: Captain or Robber Baron?

13. Vertical Consolidation Carnegie: Captain or Robber Baron?

14. Robber Baron or Captain of Industry?
Andrew Carnegie (steel)- Robber Baron
John D. Rockefeller (oil)- Robber Baron
J.P. Morgan (banks)- Captain of Industry

15. Monopoly New Market Structures
Oligopoly
Industry dominated by only a few large firms
Monopoly
Companies set out to gain complete control of a product or service
Cartel
Steps taken to limit competition w/ other firms

16. Social Darwinism
Charles Darwin – “natural selection,” which only the fittest survived. (animal life)
Social Darwinism apply that theory to society as a whole.
Society & gov’t should NOT interfere w/ relations between workers & employers
Those who were most “fit” in business would succeed & become rich and weed out the unfit.
Americans believed gov’t should stay out of private businesses
Therefore – gov’t neither taxed nor regulated companies

17. American Outrage – Government Response
Americans began to be skeptical of these Big Businesses demanding gov’t action.
Gov’t officials did not want to interfere because of the country’s rising levels of wealth
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
Limit amount of control a business could have over an industry
Law- vague, used to help Big Businesses in court against labor unions.

18. Shifts in Population & Employment (1860-1900)

19. How is life going to change?
Changes brought by industrialization
Size
Rise of
Middle
class
Class
Tensions
Cities
Large gaps
between rich
and poor
Living
Conditions
Factories
Working
Conditions NO
safety
codes
Dangerous
Conditions
sickness
Long hours,
little pay