Independence for Latin America

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Independence for Latin America Chapter 8.3 Independence for Latin America

Revolutionary Ideas Spread Ideas of American Revolution and French Revolution inspire colonists in Latin America Social classes (highest to lowest): Peninsulares – people born in Spain Creoles – Spaniards born in Latin America Mestizo Mulatto – people w/European and African heritage African slaves Native Indians

Revolutionary Ideas Spread Only peninsulares could be gvt. officials Creoles could be officers in military St. Domingue = 1st free Latin American colony (1804) Toussaint L’Ouverture (former slave) leads slave revolt After victory, country’s name changed to Haiti

Creoles Lead Independence Napoleon’s installation of his brother as king of Spain inspires further change Creoles would support Spanish king but not king put on throne by the French Creoles refer to Locke’s ideas of government What were Locke’s ideas? Government comes from the consent of the people When a new king was named the people had a right to revolt because the people didn’t want it

Creoles Lead Independence Simon Bolivar leads independence from Venezuela (takes 10 yrs. from 1811-1821) Defeats Spanish army in Columbia then marches to Ecuador – meets up with Jose de San Martin Jose de San Martin leads independence of Argentina (1816) then brings army to Chile to free it (1817). San Martin meets up with Bolivar and both armies march to Peru and defeat the Spanish (1824)

Mexican Independence Miguel Hidalgo – priest who begins call for Mexican independence Hidalgo leads march of 80,000 to Mexico City (1810) Spanish creoles & army defeat Hidalgo Mexican creoles worried about losing privileges when liberal leaders rule Spain – creoles and poor unite (1820) Region of present-day Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica declare independence from Mexico in 1823

Brazil’s Independence Napoleon wants to prevent Britain from trading with Portugal King John & family go into exile in Brazil (1807) 1821 King John returns to Portugal – his son, Dom Pedro stays in Brazil King John wants to make Brazil a colony again Brazilians protest and request independence and want Dom Pedro to be ruler Brazil gains independence in bloodless revolution in 1822

Map of Latin America