1. Revolution Fever Spreads
to Latin America

2. European Empires: 1660s

3. 16c-18c: New Ideas Brewing in Europe

4. Causes of Latin American Revolutions
Enlightenment Ideas  writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine.
Colonization by Spain & France & Portugal  brutal treatment of indigenous population & African slaves
Inspiration of American and French Revolutions

5. Enlightenment Ideas
Laws of nature [NATURAL LAWS] govern natural science and human society.
Give people rights  life, liberty, property!
Make fair societies based on reason possible.
Challenged the theory of “Divine Right” monarchy.

6. 2. Creole Discontent

7. 3. Inspiration of American & French Revolutions
Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen, 1789
Declaration of Independence, 1776

8. Provides a model & a diversion!
Napoleon on the March
Provides a model & a diversion!

9. Latin American Revolutions!

10. Toussaint L’Ouveture Leads a Revolution in Haiti (1804)

11. French colony of Haiti was the first Latin American territory to gain independence from the mother country
Toussaint L’Ouverture  a former slave that led an organized, successful slave revolt
Defeated armies of Spain, France, and Britain during rebellion

13. Social class hierarchy of Spanish colonies
Top:
- Peninsulares (men born in Spain)
- Creoles (Spaniards born in colonies) at the top
Bottom
-Natives & slaves at the bottom – oppressed & brutalized
Some Creoles were wealthy & educated  traveled, learned & spread Enlightenments ideals – brought revolution to Latin America

14. Simón Bolivar: The “Brains”of the Revolution Video
1808 – Napoleon conquered Spain & removed king  people questioned Spain’s authority overseas  rebellions began
Simon Bolivar was a Venezuelan Creole  leads independence movement for northern areas of Latin America

15. Jose de San Martin 1816 - San Martin brings independence to Argentina
1817 – San Martin brings independence to Chile

17. Miguel Hidalgo
In 1810 Miguel Hidalgo – a priest in Mexico spread Enlightenment ideas & encourages revolution for independence, but many leaders and years are required until official independence in 1821

18. Monroe Doctrine
President James Monroe issues the Monroe Doctrine: attempts by European countries to influence in L.American will be considered a threat to U.S. independence and safety
U.S. to Europe: stay out of L. America OR ELSE!